ABSTRACT

In the criminal underworld, transactions generate risk for the parties involved, but in contrast to legal markets, parties are unable to turn to legal recourse when cheated in a transaction. Past research has found that many strategies can be used to manage conflicts, including self-help strategies (vengeance, discipline and rebellion, avoidance, negotiation, settlement, and tolerance) and third-party interventions. In the context of illicit drug markets, ostracism and threats or actual violence are also strategies that have been observed. In this paper, we surveyed 49 online illicit drug market vendors to explore the conflict experiences of drug dealers who participate in online and offline illicit drug markets. The paper aims to describe the conflict and victimization experiences of online drug dealers and to understand the mitigating effect of technologies on these conflicts. The results indicate that conflict and victimization experiences are rare for online drug dealers, but there are still many situations that are not mitigated by the use of anonymizing technologies like those used on online illicit markets. We demonstrate how these conflicts differ between online and physical drug markets.

摘要

在黑社会中，交易会给相关各方带来风险，但与合法市场相比，当交易中被骗时，各方无法求助于法律追索权。过去的研究发现，许多策略可用于管理冲突，包括自助策略（复仇、纪律和反叛、回避、谈判、解决和容忍）和第三方干预。在非法毒品市场的背景下，排斥和威胁或实际暴力也是已经观察到的策略。在本文中，我们调查了 49 家在线非法毒品市场供应商，以探讨参与在线和线下非法毒品市场的毒贩的冲突经历。本文旨在描述在线毒贩的冲突和受害经历，并了解技术对这些冲突的缓解作用。结果表明，在线毒贩很少有冲突和受害经历，但仍有许多情况无法通过使用匿名技术（如在线非法市场上使用的技术）得到缓解。我们展示了在线和实体毒品市场之间的这些冲突有何不同。