Dental modification represents one interesting aspect of corporeal adornment in human history that directly reflects personal social identity. Tooth filing choices distinguished certain individuals at the urban, Maya political capital of Mayapan from 1150 to 1450 ad, along with cranial modification, nose and ear piercings, tattoos and body paint. Here we examine how filing teeth, considered a beautification practice for women at Spanish Contact in the sixteenth century, is distributed across a skeletal sample of males, females, elites and commoners in this city. We evaluate the normative claim of the Colonial period and determine that while predominantly females filed their teeth, most women chose not to. Sculptural art further reveals that male personages associated with the city's feathered serpent priesthood exhibited filed teeth, and we explore the symbolic meaning of filed tooth shape. Assessing the practice in terms of associated archaeological contexts, chronology and bone chemistry reveals that it did not correlate with social class, dietary differences, or birthplace. Residents of Mayapan, a densely inhabited, multi-ethnic city of 20,000, engaged with multiple material expressions of belonging to intersecting imagined communities that crosscut competing influences of polity, city, hometown and family scale identity. Tooth filing reflects identities at the individual or family scale.

中文翻译：

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玛雅潘后经典玛雅城市中心的社会认同和牙齿矫正

牙齿修饰代表了人类历史上直接反映个人社会身份的物质装饰的一个有趣方面。从 1150 年到 1450 年，牙齿锉选择区分了城市玛雅政治首都玛雅潘的某些人广告，以及颅骨改造、鼻子和耳朵穿孔、纹身和身体彩绘。在这里，我们研究了在这个城市的男性、女性、精英和平民的骨骼样本中，锉牙是如何分布在 16 世纪西班牙接触中的女性美容实践中的。我们评估了殖民时期的规范主张，并确定虽然主要是女性提交了他们的牙齿，但大多数女性选择不这样做。雕塑艺术进一步揭示了与城市羽蛇神职相关的男性人物展示了锉齿，我们探索了锉齿形状的象征意义。根据相关的考古背景、年表和骨骼化学评估这种做法表明，它与社会阶层、饮食差异或出生地无关。玛雅潘居民，一个人口稠密的多民族城市，拥有 20,000 人，参与了多种物质表达，表达了属于相交想象社区的多种物质表达，这些社区跨越了政体、城市、家乡和家庭规模身份的相互竞争影响。牙齿归档反映了个人或家庭规模的身份。