Content-independent watermarks and block-wise independency can be considered as vulnerabilities in semi-fragile watermarking methods. In this paper to achieve the objectives of semi-fragile watermarking techniques, a method is proposed to not have the mentioned shortcomings. In the proposed method, the watermark is generated by relying on image content and a key. Furthermore, the embedding scheme causes the watermarked blocks to become dependent on each other, using a key. In the embedding phase, the image is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks. In order to detect and separate the different types of attacks more precisely, the proposed method embeds three copies of each watermark bit into LWT coefficients of each 4x4 block. In the authentication phase, by voting between the extracted bits the error maps are created; these maps indicate image authenticity and reveal the modified regions. Also, in order to automate the authentication, the images are classified into four categories using seven features. Classification accuracy in the experiments is 97.97 percent. It is noted that our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is robust against JPEG compression and is competitive with a state-of-the-art semi-fragile watermarking method, in terms of robustness and semi-fragility.

中文翻译：

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具有局部篡改检测的图像内容相关半脆弱水印

与内容无关的水印和按块的独立性可以被视为半脆弱水印方法中的漏洞。在本文中，为了实现半脆弱水印技术的目标，提出了一种不具有上述缺点的方法。在所提出的方法中，水印是依靠图像内容和密钥生成的。此外，嵌入方案使用密钥使加水印的块变得相互依赖。在嵌入阶段，图像被划分为不重叠的块。为了更精确地检测和分离不同类型的攻击，所提出的方法将每个水印位的三个副本嵌入到每个 4x4 块的 LWT 系数中。在身份验证阶段，通过在提取的位之间进行投票，创建错误映射；这些地图表明图像的真实性并揭示修改后的区域。此外，为了使身份验证自动化，使用七个特征将图像分为四个类别。实验中的分类准确率为 97.97%。值得注意的是，我们的实验表明，所提出的方法对 JPEG 压缩具有鲁棒性，并且在鲁棒性和半脆弱性方面与最先进的半脆弱水印方法相比具有竞争力。