Abnormal tendons are rarely ever repaired to the natural structure and morphology of normal tendons. To better guide the repair and regeneration of injured tendons through a tissue engineering method, it is necessary to have insights into the internal morphology, organization, and composition of natural tendons. This review summarized recent researches on the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components of tendons and highlight the application of multiple detection methodologies concerning the structure of ECMs. In addition, we look forward to the future of multi-dimensional biomaterial design methods and the potential of structural repair for tendon ECM components. In addition, focus is placed on the macro to micro detection methods for tendons, and current techniques for evaluating the extracellular matrix of tendons at the micro level are introduced in detail. Finally, emphasis is given to future extracellular matrix detection methods, as well as to how future efforts could concentrate on fabricating the biomimetic tendons.

异常肌腱很少被修复为正常肌腱的自然结构和形态。为了通过组织工程方法更好地指导损伤肌腱的修复和再生，有必要深入了解天然肌腱的内部形态、组织和组成。本综述总结了最近对肌腱细胞外基质 (ECM) 成分的结构和功能的研究，并强调了多种检测方法在 ECM 结构方面的应用。此外，我们期待多维生物材料设计方法的未来以及肌腱 ECM 组件结构修复的潜力。此外，重点放在肌腱的宏观到微观检测方法上，详细介绍了目前在微观水平上评估肌腱细胞外基质的技术。最后，重点是未来的细胞外基质检测方法，以及未来的努力如何集中于制造仿生肌腱。