Introduction: Carbohydrate intake and physical activity are related to glucose homeostasis, both being influenced by individual genetic makeup. However, the interactions between these 2 factors, as affected by genetics, on glycaemia have been scarcely reported. Objective: We focused on analysing the interplay between carbohydrate intake and physical activity levels on blood glucose, taking into account a genetic risk score (GRS), based on SNPs related to glucose/energy metabolism. Methods: A total of 1,271 individuals from the Food4Me cohort, who completed the nutritional intervention, were evaluated at baseline. We collected dietary information by using an online-validated food frequency questionnaire, a questionnaire on physical activity, blood biochemistry by analysis of dried blood spots, and by analysis of selected SNPs. Fifteen out of 31 SNPs, with recognized participation in carbohydrate/energy metabolism, were included in the component analyses. The GRS included risk alleles involved in the control of glycaemia or energy-yielding processes. Results: Data concerning anthropometric, clinical, metabolic, dietary intake, physical activity, and genetics related to blood glucose levels showed expected trends in European individuals of comparable sex and age, being categorized by lifestyle, BMI, and energy/carbohydrate intakes, in this Food4Me population. Blood glucose was inversely associated with physical activity level (β = −0.041, p = 0.013) and positively correlated with the GRS values (β = 0.015, p = 0.047). Interestingly, an interaction affecting glycaemia, concerning physical activity level with carbohydrate intake, was found (β = −0.060, p = 0.033), which also significantly depended on the genetic background (GRS). Conclusions: The relationships of carbohydrate intake and physical activity are important in understanding glucose homeostasis, where a role for the genetic background should be ascribed.
Lifestyle Genomics

中文翻译：

---

碳水化合物摄入和身体活动与影响血糖的调节基因的相互作用：Food4Me 研究分析

简介：碳水化合物的摄入和身体活动与葡萄糖稳态有关，两者都受个体基因构成的影响。然而，受遗传影响的这两个因素之间对血糖的相互作用几乎没有报道。目的：我们专注于分析碳水化合物摄入量和身体活动水平对血糖的相互作用，同时考虑到基于与葡萄糖/能量代谢相关的 SNP 的遗传风险评分 (GRS)。方法：在基线时评估了来自 Food4Me 队列的 1,271 名完成营养干预的个体。我们通过使用在线验证的食物频率问卷、身体活动问卷、通过分析干血斑和分析选定的 SNP 来收集饮食信息。成分分析中包括 31 个 SNP 中的 15 个，它们公认参与碳水化合物/能量代谢。GRS 包括参与控制血糖或能量产生过程的风险等位基因。结果：与血糖水平相关的人体测量学、临床、代谢、饮食摄入、体力活动和遗传学数据显示，在这个 Food4Me 人群中，按生活方式、BMI 和能量/碳水化合物摄入量分类的欧洲性别和年龄相当的个体的预期趋势. 血糖与体力活动水平呈负相关（β = -0.041，p = 0.013），与 GRS 值呈正相关（β = 0.015，p = 0.047）。有趣的是，发现了影响血糖的相互作用，涉及身体活动水平与碳水化合物摄入量（β = -0.060，p = 0.033），这也显着取决于遗传背景（GRS）。结论：碳水化合物摄入量和身体活动的关系对于理解葡萄糖稳态很重要，其中应该归因于遗传背景的作用。
生活方式基因组学