Dyslexia is a common learning disability that affects processing of written language despite adequate intelligence and educational background. If learning disabilities remain untreated, a child may experience long-term social and emotional problems, which influence future success in all aspects of their life. Dyslexia has a 60% heritability rate, and genetic studies have identified multiple dyslexia susceptibility genes (DSGs). DSGs, such as DCDC2, are consistently associated with the risk and severity of reading disability (RD). Altered neural connectivity within temporoparietal regions of the brain is associated with specific variants of DSGs in individuals with RD. Genetically altering DSG expression in mice results in visual and auditory processing deficits as well as neurophysiological and neuroanatomical disruptions. Previously, we demonstrated that learning deficits associated with RD can be translated across species using virtual environments. In this 2-year longitudinal study, we demonstrate that performance on a virtual Hebb-Williams maze in pre-readers is able to predict future reading impairment, and the genetic risk strengthens, but is not dependent on, this relationship. Due to the lack of oral reporting and use of letters, this easy-to-use tool may be particularly valuable in a remote working environment as well as working with vulnerable populations such as English language learners.
Dev Neurosci

中文翻译：

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识别阅读障碍：幼儿迷宫学习与阅读障碍易感基因 DCDC2 之间的联系

阅读障碍是一种常见的学习障碍，尽管有足够的智力和教育背景，但仍会影响书面语言的处理。如果学习障碍仍未得到治疗，孩子可能会遇到长期的社会和情感问题，这会影响他们未来生活各个方面的成功。阅读障碍有 60% 的遗传率，遗传研究已经确定了多个阅读障碍易感基因 (DSG)。DSG，例如DCDC2, 始终与阅读障碍 (RD) 的风险和严重程度相关。大脑颞顶区域内改变的神经连接与 RD 个体中 DSG 的特定变体有关。基因改变小鼠中的 DSG 表达会导致视觉和听觉处理缺陷以及神经生理学和神经解剖学中断。以前，我们证明了与 RD 相关的学习缺陷可以使用虚拟环境跨物种转化。在这项为期 2 年的纵向研究中，我们证明了预读者在虚拟 Hebb-Williams 迷宫中的表现能够预测未来的阅读障碍，并且遗传风险加强但不依赖于这种关系。由于缺乏口头报告和使用信件，
开发神经科学