Modern theoretical descriptions of inelastic scattering make use of multi-step direct reaction approaches together with transition potentials obtained from sophisticated nuclear structure models. Here we demonstrate how the complexity of such calculations can be reduced to permit simpler ones, also using the ECIS code, but providing an almost equally precise alternative to a much more detailed calculation. We have studied the transition form factors within the random phase approximation (RPA), where these are obtained as linear combinations of particle–hole states. At moderate to high excitation energies, where interference effects tend to disappear, we have proposed an independent particle–hole formalism in which particle–hole states are spread in energy with an appropriate strength function obtained from the RPA. The effects of more complex modes, such as 2p–2h ones, are simulated with widths calculated in a semi-classical context. Here, we verify the validity of our approximations for pre-equilibrium proton-induced reactions on \(^{90}\)Zr target. Our calculations provide a good description of the reaction data and point toward a simplification of the description of nucleon-induced reactions based on averages of microscopic details of the projectile–target interaction.

非弹性散射的现代理论描述利用多步直接反应方法以及从复杂核结构模型获得的跃迁势。在这里，我们演示了如何降低此类计算的复杂性以允许更简单的计算，也使用 ECIS 代码，但提供几乎同样精确的替代方法来进行更详细的计算。我们研究了随机相位近似 (RPA) 中的过渡形状因子，其中这些是作为粒子 - 空穴状态的线性组合获得的。在中等至高激发能量下，干涉效应趋于消失，我们提出了一种独立的粒子 - 空穴形式，其中粒子 - 空穴状态在能量中传播，并具有从 RPA 获得的适当强度函数。更复杂的模式（例如 2p-2h 模式）的效果使用在半经典环境中计算的宽度进行模拟。在这里，我们验证了我们对预平衡质子诱导反应的近似值的有效性\(^{90}\) Zr 目标。我们的计算提供了对反应数据的良好描述，并指向基于射弹 - 目标相互作用的微观细节的平均值简化核子诱导反应的描述。