Over the past few years, the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells have shown a tremendous progress from 3.8% in 2009 to 23.3% in 2018. Perovskites have exhibited excellent advantages in photovoltaic devices and other promising optoelectronic devices owing to their exceptional material properties, including direct and tunable bandgaps, strong light absorption, high electron/hole mobilities, long charge carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths. The outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells is closely related with the deposition techniques and material composition of perovskite films. The preparation process of perovskite film is crucial for obtaining high efficiency devices, and it usually requires to fabricate a high coverage, compact and uniform perovskite layer. At present, the preparation technology of perovskite absorption layer mainly includes one-step processing, two-step processing, dual-source thermal evaporation processing, vapor-assisted solution processing and some scalable processing methods, and there are many reports and summaries about this work. However, perovskites still have some shortcomings such as insufficient light absorption range, poor long-term stability, the lead toxicity, which need to be overcome to realize higher power conversion efficiency and further product application. Compositional control engineering of perovskite materials becomes one of the effective ways to solve the above problems, but the summary of the research in this area is still lacking. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the perovskite materials with different component systems, including organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite, all-inorganic lead halide perovskite, low-lead perovskite and lead-free perovskite. We also discuss some representative material compositions and the research on their corresponding preparation methods, the optimization of device structure and the effects on the device performance. Moreover, we compare and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of perovskite materials with different component systems. The purpose is to provide ideas on how to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells through compositional controlling, and finally realize commercial application.

中文翻译：

---

高性能太阳能电池钙钛矿成分控制策略研究进展

在过去的几年中，钙钛矿太阳能电池的功率转换效率从 2009 年的 3.8% 到 2018 年的 23.3% 有了巨大的进步。钙钛矿由于其卓越的材料特性，在光伏器件和其他有前景的光电器件中表现出卓越的优势，包括直接和可调带隙、强光吸收、高电子/空穴迁移率、长电荷载流子寿命和扩散长度。钙钛矿太阳能电池的优异性能与钙钛矿薄膜的沉积技术和材料成分密切相关。钙钛矿薄膜的制备过程对于获得高效器件至关重要，通常需要制造高覆盖率、致密且均匀的钙钛矿层。目前，钙钛矿吸收层的制备技术主要包括一步法、两步法、双源热蒸发法、蒸汽辅助溶液法和一些可扩展的处理方法，关于这项工作有很多报道和总结。然而，钙钛矿仍存在光吸收范围不足、长期稳定性差、铅毒性等缺点，需要克服这些缺点以实现更高的功率转换效率和进一步的产品应用。钙钛矿材料的成分控制工程成为解决上述问题的有效途径之一，但目前还缺乏对这方面研究的总结。在这篇综述中，我们总结了具有不同组分系统的钙钛矿材料的最新进展，包括有机-无机卤化铅钙钛矿、全无机卤化铅钙钛矿、低铅钙钛矿和无铅钙钛矿。我们还讨论了一些具有代表性的材料组成及其相应制备方法的研究，器件结构的优化以及对器件性能的影响。此外，我们比较和总结了不同组分体系的钙钛矿材料的优缺点。目的是为如何通过成分控制提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性提供思路，最终实现商业化应用。我们还讨论了一些具有代表性的材料组成及其相应制备方法的研究，器件结构的优化以及对器件性能的影响。此外，我们比较和总结了不同组分体系的钙钛矿材料的优缺点。目的是为如何通过成分控制提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性提供思路，最终实现商业化应用。我们还讨论了一些具有代表性的材料组成及其相应制备方法的研究，器件结构的优化以及对器件性能的影响。此外，我们比较和总结了不同组分体系的钙钛矿材料的优缺点。目的是为如何通过成分控制提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性提供思路，最终实现商业化应用。