Abstract Red mud and compost are two inexpensive and effective materials available for the in situ treatment of soil contaminated with heavy metals. In order to investigate the specific process involved, a detailed analysis of the synergistic effects of combined red mud and compost was carried out. The efficiency of three different treatment systems, namely compost (C), red mud (R), and a mixture of compost and red mud (R + C), on the movability, ecological risk, and biological effective Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb over time of incubation in agricultural soil was evaluated. Results showed that the pH, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) showed significant changes after addition of these amendment materials to the target soil. The combination of red mud and compost mixture as amendment material (R + C) resulted in the largest reduction in efficiency of the available heavy metals. In addition, the microbial biomass in the treated soil increased after addition of the amendment materials, highest increase was observed with R + C. The results indicate that these amendment materials, especially R + C could lower the ecological risk of heavy metals in soil.

中文翻译：

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使用赤泥和堆肥复合改良剂修复铜、铅、锌和镉污染的农业土壤

摘要 赤泥和堆肥是原位处理重金属污染土壤的两种廉价而有效的材料。为了研究所涉及的具体过程，对赤泥和堆肥组合的协同效应进行了详细分析。三种不同处理系统，即堆肥 (C)、赤泥 (R) 和堆肥与赤泥混合 (R + C) 对可移动性、生态风险和生物有效 Cu、Zn、Cd 的效率，和 Pb 在农业土壤中随培养时间的变化进行了评估。结果表明，将这些改良材料添加到目标土壤后，pH、水可萃取有机碳（WEOC）和总有机碳（TOC）显示出显着变化。赤泥和堆肥混合物作为改良材料 (R + C) 的组合导致可用重金属效率的最大降低。此外，处理后土壤中微生物生物量在添加改良剂后增加，以R+C增加最多。结果表明这些改良剂，尤其是R+C可以降低土壤中重金属的生态风险。