当前位置：
X-MOL 学术
›
Acc. Mater. Res.
›
论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your
feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The Potassium–Air Battery: Far from a Practical Reality?
Accounts of Materials Research ( IF 14.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-28 , DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00061 Wanwan Wang 1 , Yi-Chun Lu 1
Accounts of Materials Research ( IF 14.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-28 , DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00061 Wanwan Wang 1 , Yi-Chun Lu 1
Affiliation
|
An energy storage system is the key bottleneck toward the widespread use of renewable energy and the development of electric vehicles (EVs). Alkali metal–oxygen batteries, which have higher gravimetric energy densities (3500–935 Wh kg–1) than conventional lithium–ion batteries (100–265 Wh kg–1), are considered to be one of the promising next-generation energy storage systems. Over the past decade, Li–O2 batteries have been the center of the research effort owing to their highest energy density. However, the poor reversibility, low round-trip efficiency, and limited cycle life originating from sluggish kinetic and serious parasitic chemistry induced by singlet oxygen hamper the development of Li–O2 batteries. Both the sluggish kinetics and severe parasitic reactions are closely related to the discharge product Li2O2. Unlike Li–O2 batteries, K–O2 batteries based on potassium superoxide offer an attractive theoretical energy density (935 Wh kg–1) with a significantly improved energy efficiency and lifetime compared to other alkali metal–O2 batteries. The fast and reversible O2/KO2 single–electron reaction exhibits higher redox kinetics compared to the Li–O2 redox chemistries and removes the needs of catalysts or redox mediators. In addition, the earth abundant K greatly alleviates the global shortage and uneven regional distribution of Li. These unique advantages of the K–O2 system make it a promising candidate for low-cost and large-scale energy storage. However, the development of a K–O2 battery is still in its early stages and its round-trip efficiency is still lower than that of lithium–ion batteries. Further improvement in energy efficiency and cycle life of the K–O2 batteries is crucial prior to practical applications. The present Account combines our efforts and other representative works on fundamental understandings and design strategies toward next-generation K–O2 batteries. Insights are offered on oxygen electrode reversibility and stability, anode stabilization and alternative anodes, and the closed system based on KO2–K2O2 conversion. Five physicochemical factors that affect the oxygen electrode reversibility and stability are discussed in light of recent findings, including electrolyte design, growth mechanism, operation environment, degradation mechanism, and electrode–electrolyte design. Furthermore, the alternative anode materials development to solve the long-standing potassium anode issue are discussed and the pros and cons of alternative anodes are compared. In addition, due to oxygen crossover to the anode and the electrolyte evaporation problem in open K–air battery systems, the feasibility and strategies to develop closed systems are briefly discussed. At the end of the Account, future directions in deepening understanding of K–O2 reaction and battery design to realize practical applications of K–O2 systems are highlighted.
中文翻译：
钾-空气电池：远非现实？
储能系统是可再生能源广泛使用和电动汽车（EV）发展的关键瓶颈。碱金属-氧电池，具有较高的重量能量密度（3500-935瓦千克-1比常规锂离子电池）（100-265瓦时千克-1），被认为是有前途的下一代能源存储的一个系统。在过去十年中，Li-O 2电池因其最高的能量密度而成为研究工作的中心。然而，由于单线态氧引起的动力学缓慢和严重的寄生化学导致可逆性差、往返效率低和循环寿命有限，阻碍了 Li-O 2的发展。电池。缓慢的动力学和严重的寄生反应都与放电产物Li 2 O 2密切相关。与 Li-O 2电池不同，基于超氧化钾的K-O 2电池提供了有吸引力的理论能量密度（935 Wh kg –1），与其他碱金属-O 2电池相比，能效和寿命显着提高。与 Li-O 2相比，快速且可逆的 O 2 /KO 2单电子反应表现出更高的氧化还原动力学氧化还原化学并消除对催化剂或氧化还原介质的需求。此外，地球上丰富的钾，大大缓解了全球锂资源短缺和区域分布不均的问题。K-O 2系统的这些独特优势使其成为低成本和大规模储能的有希望的候选者。然而，K-O 2电池的发展仍处于早期阶段，其往返效率仍低于锂离子电池。在实际应用之前，进一步提高 K-O 2电池的能源效率和循环寿命至关重要。本报告结合了我们的努力和其他代表性作品，对下一代 K-O 2 的基本理解和设计策略进行了研究电池。提供有关氧电极可逆性和稳定性、阳极稳定性和替代阳极以及基于 KO 2 –K 2 O 2的封闭系统的见解转换。根据最近的研究结果讨论了影响氧电极可逆性和稳定性的五个物理化学因素，包括电解质设计、生长机制、操作环境、降解机制和电极-电解质设计。此外，讨论了用于解决长期存在的钾阳极问题的替代阳极材料的开发，并比较了替代阳极的优缺点。此外，由于开放式钾空气电池系统中氧气向阳极的交叉和电解液蒸发问题，简要讨论了开发封闭系统的可行性和策略。在帐户的最后，未来的方向是加深对 K-O 2反应和电池设计的理解，以实现 K-O 2 的实际应用 系统突出显示。
更新日期：2021-07-23
中文翻译：
钾-空气电池：远非现实？
储能系统是可再生能源广泛使用和电动汽车（EV）发展的关键瓶颈。碱金属-氧电池，具有较高的重量能量密度（3500-935瓦千克-1比常规锂离子电池）（100-265瓦时千克-1），被认为是有前途的下一代能源存储的一个系统。在过去十年中，Li-O 2电池因其最高的能量密度而成为研究工作的中心。然而，由于单线态氧引起的动力学缓慢和严重的寄生化学导致可逆性差、往返效率低和循环寿命有限，阻碍了 Li-O 2的发展。电池。缓慢的动力学和严重的寄生反应都与放电产物Li 2 O 2密切相关。与 Li-O 2电池不同，基于超氧化钾的K-O 2电池提供了有吸引力的理论能量密度（935 Wh kg –1），与其他碱金属-O 2电池相比，能效和寿命显着提高。与 Li-O 2相比，快速且可逆的 O 2 /KO 2单电子反应表现出更高的氧化还原动力学氧化还原化学并消除对催化剂或氧化还原介质的需求。此外，地球上丰富的钾，大大缓解了全球锂资源短缺和区域分布不均的问题。K-O 2系统的这些独特优势使其成为低成本和大规模储能的有希望的候选者。然而，K-O 2电池的发展仍处于早期阶段，其往返效率仍低于锂离子电池。在实际应用之前，进一步提高 K-O 2电池的能源效率和循环寿命至关重要。本报告结合了我们的努力和其他代表性作品，对下一代 K-O 2 的基本理解和设计策略进行了研究电池。提供有关氧电极可逆性和稳定性、阳极稳定性和替代阳极以及基于 KO 2 –K 2 O 2的封闭系统的见解转换。根据最近的研究结果讨论了影响氧电极可逆性和稳定性的五个物理化学因素，包括电解质设计、生长机制、操作环境、降解机制和电极-电解质设计。此外，讨论了用于解决长期存在的钾阳极问题的替代阳极材料的开发，并比较了替代阳极的优缺点。此外，由于开放式钾空气电池系统中氧气向阳极的交叉和电解液蒸发问题，简要讨论了开发封闭系统的可行性和策略。在帐户的最后，未来的方向是加深对 K-O 2反应和电池设计的理解，以实现 K-O 2 的实际应用 系统突出显示。
京公网安备 11010802027423号