Purpose of Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health challenge. This review aims to summarize the incidence, risk factors, possible pathophysiology, and proposed management of neurological manifestations of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or neuro-PASC based on the published literature.

Recent Findings

The National Institutes of Health has noted that PASC is a multi-organ disorder ranging from mild symptoms to an incapacitating state that can last for weeks or longer following recovery from initial infection with SARS-CoV-2. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed as the culprit for the development of PASC. These include, but are not limited to, direct or indirect invasion of the virus into the brain, immune dysregulation, hormonal disturbances, elevated cytokine levels due to immune reaction leading to chronic inflammation, direct tissue damage to other organs, and persistent low-grade infection. A multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of neuro-PASC will be required to diagnose and address these symptoms. Tailored rehabilitation and novel cognitive therapy protocols are as important as pharmacological treatments to treat neuro-PASC effectively.

Summary

With recognizing the growing numbers of COVID-19 patients suffering from neuro-PASC, there is an urgent need to identify affected individuals early to provide the most appropriate and efficient treatments. Awareness among the general population and health care professionals about PASC is rising, and more efforts are needed to understand and treat this new emerging challenge. In this review, we summarize the relevant scientific literature about neuro-PASC.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2感染急性后遗症的神经表现

 审查目的

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起，是一项全球健康挑战。本综述旨在根据已发表的文献，总结 SARS-CoV-2 感染后急性后遗症（PASC）或神经-PASC 的发病率、危险因素、可能的病理生理学以及建议的神经系统表现治疗。

 最近的发现

美国国立卫生研究院指出，PASC 是一种多器官疾病，症状从轻微症状到失能状态，从 SARS-CoV-2 初次感染恢复后可能会持续数周或更长时间。多种病理生理学机制被认为是 PASC 发生的罪魁祸首。这些包括但不限于病毒直接或间接侵入大脑、免疫失调、激素紊乱、免疫反应导致细胞因子水平升高导致慢性炎症、对其他器官的直接组织损伤以及持续的低度炎症。感染。需要采用多学科方法来治疗神经 PASC 来诊断和解决这些症状。量身定制的康复和新颖的认知治疗方案与有效治疗神经 PASC 的药物治疗一样重要。

 概括

随着越来越多的 COVID-19 患者患有神经 PASC，迫切需要尽早识别受影响的个体，以提供最合适、最有效的治疗。普通民众和医疗保健专业人员对 PASC 的认识正在不断提高，需要付出更多努力来理解和应对这一新出现的挑战。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关神经 PASC 的相关科学文献。