Essential oils may provide green and safe alternatives to currently used fumigants and insecticides for the management of stored-product insects. This study reports the chemical analysis and fumigant toxicity of 10 essential oils against Tribolium confusum. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation. The chemical profile of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils consisted mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes except the oil of Artemisia monosperema which was enriched with benzenes. The essential oil of Schinus molle (LC₅₀ = 2.22 μl/L air) revealed the highest toxicity against T. confusum eggs, followed by Calistemon viminalis (LC₅₀ = 5.38 μl/L air) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (LC₅₀ = 5.80 μl/L air) after 7 days of exposure. The toxicity of essential oils against larvae improved significantly with increasing exposure time. The oils Origanum vulgare and Cupressus macrocarpa caused the highest larval mortality with LC₅₀ values of 22.81 and 25.11 μl/L, respectively, after 7 days of exposure. Furthermore, O. vulgare essential oil was the most potent toxicant against adults after three exposure times displaying LC₅₀ values of 5.59, 1.57 and 1.26 μl/L air after 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, the essential oils of Citrus paradisi, A. monosperema, E. camaldulensis and S. molle displayed promising fumigant toxicity against adults. Based on the obtained results, the essential oils of O. vulgare, S. molle, C. viminals, C. paradisi and A. monosperema had potent fumigant toxicity against T. confusum different stages and they could be applicable for the management of this insect.

精油可以为目前用于管理储藏产品昆虫的熏蒸剂和杀虫剂提供绿色和安全的替代品。本研究报告了 10 种精油对Tribolium confusum的化学分析和熏蒸剂毒性。精油是通过水蒸馏获得的。精油的化学特征通过气相色谱-质谱法测定。精油主要由单萜烃和含氧单萜组成，除了富含苯类的蒿油。Schinus molle精油(LC ₅₀  = 2.22 μl/L air) 显示对T. confusum卵的毒性最高，其次是Calistemon viminalis（LC ₅₀  = 5.38 μl/L 空气）和Eucalyptus camaldulensis（LC ₅₀  = 5.80 μl/L 空气）暴露 7 天后。随着暴露时间的增加，精油对幼虫的毒性显着提高。在暴露 7 天后，牛至油和大果柏油导致最高的幼虫死亡率，LC ₅₀值分别为 22.81 和 25.11 μl/L。此外，在三个暴露时间显示 LC ₅₀后，O. vulgare精油是对成年人最有效的毒物1、3 和 7 天后的值分别为 5.59、1.57 和 1.26 μl/L 空气。此外，Citrus paradisi、A. monosperema、E. camaldulensis和S. molle 的精油显示出对成人的有希望的熏蒸毒性。根据所得结果，O. vulgare、S. molle、C. viminals、C. paradisi和A. monosperema 的精油对不同阶段的T. confusum具有强熏蒸毒性，可用于该昆虫的防治.