Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the seventh member of the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome family. COVID-19 can fuse their envelopes with the host cell membranes and deliver their genetic material. COVID-19 attacks the respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and promotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activities. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 may have experienced fever, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute heart injury. Several strategies such as oxygen therapy, ventilation, antibiotic or antiviral therapy, and renal replacement therapy are commonly used to decrease COVID-19-associated mortality. However, these approaches may not be good treatment options. Therefore, the search for an alternative-novel therapy is urgently important to prevent the disease progression. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising strategy for COVID-19. The design of oligonucleotide against the genetic material of COVID-19 might suppress virus RNA translation. Several previous studies have shown that host miRNAs play an antiviral role and improve the treatment of patients with COVID-19. miRNAs by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) or 5′-UTR of viral RNA play an important role in COVID-19-host interplay and viral replication. miRNAs interact with multiple pathways and reduce inflammatory biomarkers, thrombi formation, and tissue damage to accelerate the patient outcome. The information in this review provides a summary of the current clinical application of miRNAs for the treatments of patients with COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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小RNA；一种治疗 COVID-19 的新策略

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是蝙蝠严重急性呼吸综合征家族的第七个成员。COVID-19 可以将它们的包膜与宿主细胞膜融合并传递它们的遗传物质。COVID-19 攻击呼吸系统并刺激宿主炎症反应，增强免疫细胞的募集，并促进血管紧张素转化酶 2 的活性。确诊 COVID-19 的患者可能会出现发烧、干咳、头痛、呼吸困难、急性肾损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征和急性心脏损伤。氧疗、通气、抗生素或抗病毒疗法和肾脏替代疗法等几种策略通常用于降低 COVID-19 相关死亡率。然而，这些方法可能不是很好的治疗选择。所以，寻找替代新疗法对于预防疾病进展至关重要。最近，microRNA (miRNA) 已成为 COVID-19 的一种有前途的策略。针对 COVID-19 遗传物质的寡核苷酸设计可能会抑制病毒 RNA 翻译。先前的几项研究表明，宿主 miRNA 发挥抗病毒作用并改善 COVID-19 患者的治疗。通过与病毒 RNA 的 3'-非翻译区 (UTR) 或 5'-UTR 结合的 miRNA 在 COVID-19 宿主相互作用和病毒复制中发挥重要作用。miRNA 与多种途径相互作用并减少炎症生物标志物、血栓形成和组织损伤，从而加速患者预后。本综述中的信息总结了 miRNAs 在 COVID-19 患者治疗中的当前临床应用。