The Black Drum Pogonias cromis is an abundant estuarine-dependent fish that supports recreational and commercial fisheries. We examined the phylogeography and historical demography of the Black Drum along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States using mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellites. Black Drum exhibited high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity across its range. We observed 249 haplotypes that resolved into two haplogroups: haplogroup 1 was most abundant along the Texas coast, and haplogroup 2 was more abundant in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Analysis of molecular variance, pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation, assessment of isolation by distance, Bayesian clustering, and multivariate ordination indicated that most population structure within Black Drum was associated with a western Gulf of Mexico versus Atlantic–eastern Gulf of Mexico split. However, analysis of molecular variance, haplotype diversity, and measures of genetic differentiation provided evidence of weak population structure on the Texas coast, perhaps due to a of combination of isolation by distance and limited emigration into and dispersal from the upper and lower Laguna Madre on the lower coast. Mismatch distributions, neutrality tests, and Bayesian skyline plots suggest that haplogroup 1 underwent rapid demographic and range expansion approximately 15,000 years ago, whereas the demographic and range expansion of haplogroup 2 was more gradual and began earlier (circa 25,000–30,000 years ago). Our results suggest that Black Drum may benefit from being managed as two stocks: (1) western Gulf of Mexico and (2) Atlantic Ocean plus eastern Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, weak but significant genetic divergence in the Laguna Madre coincides with known life history divergence in this region. Caution should be used regarding the management of Black Drum in Texas as a single demographic unit.

中文翻译：

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北美黑鼓的系统地理学、人口结构和历史人口统计

The Black Drum Pogonias cromis是一种丰富的依赖河口的鱼类，支持休闲和商业渔业。我们使用线粒体 DNA 序列和核 DNA 微卫星研究了美国大西洋和墨西哥湾沿岸黑鼓的系统地理学和历史人口学。Black Drum 在其范围内表现出高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性。我们观察到 249 个单倍型，它们分解为两个单倍群：单倍群 1 在德克萨斯海岸最丰富，单倍群 2 在大西洋和墨西哥湾东部更丰富。分子方差分析，遗传分化的成对估计，距离隔离评估，贝叶斯聚类，和多元排序表明黑鼓内的大多数人口结构与墨西哥湾西部与大西洋-墨西哥湾东部的分裂有关。然而，分子方差分析、单倍型多样性和遗传分化的测量提供了德克萨斯海岸人口结构薄弱的证据，这可能是由于距离隔离以及上马德雷湖和下马德雷湖的有限移民和散布的组合。下海岸。错配分布、中性检验和贝叶斯天际线图表明，单倍群 1 在大约 15,000 年前经历了快速的人口和范围扩张，而单倍群 2 的人口和范围扩张更为渐进，并且开始得更早（大约 25,000-30,000 年前）。我们的结果表明 Black Drum 可能受益于作为两种股票进行管理：（1）墨西哥湾西部和（2）大西洋加墨西哥湾东部。此外，马德雷湖中微弱但显着的遗传差异与该地区已知的生活史差异相吻合。将德克萨斯州的黑鼓作为一个单一的人口单位进行管理时应谨慎。