The use of neonicotinoid insecticides has progressively increased worldwide when compared with other insecticide groups. Due to this increase, non-target animal species such as fish are exposed to neonicotinoids from different sources, so they can be accumulated at trophic levels and cause various toxic effects by reaching humans. There are limited studies related to the toxic effects of neonicotinoid sulfoximine insecticides including sulfoxaflor on non-target species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sulfoxaflor on GSH-related antioxidants and to determine oxidative stress-producing effect of sulfoxaflor in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, three sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor 0.87 mg/L (2.5% of 96 h LC₅₀), 1.75 mg/L (5% of 96 h LC₅₀), 3.51 mg/L (10% of 96 h LC₅₀) of sulfoxaflor were exposed to zebrafish for 24, 48, and 96 h. GSH related antioxidants were evaluated by analyzing tGSH levels and GPx, GR, GST specific enzyme activities in the gill of zebrafish. The oxidative damage of sulfoxaflor on gill cells was determined by measuring TBARS levels. The results of this study demonstrated that sulfoxaflor activated GSH related antioxidants by increasing tGSH levels, GPx, GR enzyme activities and by diminishing GST enzyme activity in the gill of zebrafish. Sulfoxaflor also caused oxidative damage in the gill of zebrafish by increasing lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study indicated that sulfoxaflor led to oxidative stress and activation of GSH related antioxidants in the gill of zebrafish.

与其他杀虫剂组相比，新烟碱类杀虫剂的使用在世界范围内逐渐增加。由于这种增加，非目标动物物种（例如鱼类）接触到不同来源的新烟碱类杀虫剂，因此它们可以在营养水平上积累，并通过到达人类而引起各种毒性作用。关于新烟碱类亚磺酰亚胺杀虫剂（包括氟啶虫胺）对非目标物种的毒性作用的研究有限。本研究的目的是评估氟啶虫胺对 GSH 相关抗氧化剂的影响，并确定氟啶虫胺对斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 鳃产生氧化应激的作用。为此，磺胺氟隆的三个亚致死浓度为 0.87 mg/L（96 h LC ₅₀的 2.5% ）、1.75 mg/L（96 h LC ₅₀的 5% ）、3.51 mg/L（96 h LC ₅₀的 10% ）的 sulfoxaflor 暴露于斑马鱼 24、48 和 96 小时。通过分析斑马鱼鳃中 tGSH 水平和 GPx、GR、GST 特异性酶活性来评估 GSH 相关抗氧化剂。通过测量 TBARS 水平来确定氟啶虫胺对鳃细胞的氧化损伤。这项研究的结果表明，sulfoxaflor 通过增加斑马鱼鳃中 tGSH 水平、GPx、GR 酶活性和降低 GST 酶活性来激活 GSH 相关抗氧化剂。磺胺嘧啶还通过增加脂质过氧化作用对斑马鱼的鳃造成氧化损伤。总之，这项研究表明，氟啶虫胺导致斑马鱼鳃中氧化应激和谷胱甘肽相关抗氧化剂的激活。