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Single-Subject Research Design Reexamined: The Utility of the Multiple Baseline Across Participants Design
Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0145482x20957908
Robert Wall Emerson 1
Affiliation  

In two previous Statistical Sidebars (included in the September–October 2015 and November–December 2017 issues of JVIB), I called readers’ attention to aspects of single-subject research design. In this edition, I will look at a specific type of single-subject design: the multiple baseline across participants design. In the article entitled “Applying video modeling to promote the handwriting accuracy of students with low vision using mobile technology,” the authors use a multiple baseline across participants design to compare how several students reacted to the use of video modeling in improving their handwriting accuracy. With this research method, one intervention is used with several participants, thus examining whether any effects seen by the intervention are replicated among individuals. In the multiple baseline across participants design, data are first collected on the performance of all the participants without exposure to the intervention until a stable baseline level of performance is shown. Then, once a stable baseline is shown, the intervention is introduced to the participants one by one, with enough separation between when the intervention is conducted, so that any effect of the intervention can be seen after each introduction. The same sort of approach could also be applied across different environments when examining a certain intervention with only one participant. Just as all the participants in this single-subject design need to have a stable baseline of performance before the intervention is introduced, it is a good idea to continue collecting data after the effect of the intervention has been measured to show that any observed effects remain afterward and do not evaporate. In this study, the authors had a “follow-up” portion of data collection where they measured the students’ handwriting performance over 3 weeks. The strength of this type of design is that it can be used to show a dramatic effect of an intervention and show that the same intervention will have similar results with different participants or in different situations without requiring large numbers of participants. The drawback is that it is possible that any observed effects might not generalize beyond the few participants in the study, which is a common limitation of studies among low-incidence populations like students with visual impairments.

中文翻译:

重新审查单主题研究设计:跨参与者设计的多基线的效用

在之前的两期统计侧边栏(包含在 JVIB 的 2015 年 9 月至 10 月和 2017 年 11 月至 12 月刊中)中,我呼吁读者注意单学科研究设计的各个方面。在这个版本中,我会看的单科设计特定类型:跨参与者设计了多个基线。在题为“使用移动技术应用视频建模来提高低视力学生的手写准确性”的文章中,作者使用跨参与者设计的多个基线来比较几名学生对使用视频建模提高手写准确性的反应。使用这种研究方法,对多个参与者使用一种干预措施,从而检查干预措施所看到的任何影响是否在个体之间复制。在跨参与者的多基线设计中,首先收集所有参与者在没有接触干预的情况下的表现数据,直到表现出稳定的基线水平。然后,一旦显示出稳定的基线,就将干预逐一介绍给参与者,在进行干预的时间之间有足够的间隔,以便在每次引入后都可以看到干预的任何效果。在仅用一个参与者检查某种干预时,同样的方法也可以应用于不同的环境。正如在这个单科设计需要所有的参与者被引入干预前有性能稳定的基线,最好在测量干预效果后继续收集数据,以表明任何观察到的效果在此后仍然存在并且不会消失。在这项研究中,作者进行了“后续”的数据收集,他们测量了学生的手写性能超过3周部分。这种设计的优势在于它可以用来展示干预的戏剧性效果,并表明相同的干预对于不同的参与者或在不同的情况下会产生相似的结果,而不需要大量的参与者。缺点是,任何观察到的效果都可能无法推广到研究中的少数参与者之外,这是在低发病率人群(如视力障碍学生)中进行研究的常见限制。笔者有一个“后续”的数据收集,他们测量了学生的手写性能超过3周部分。这种设计的优势在于它可以用来展示干预的戏剧性效果,并表明相同的干预对于不同的参与者或在不同的情况下会产生相似的结果,而不需要大量的参与者。缺点是,任何观察到的效果都可能无法推广到研究中的少数参与者之外,这是在低发病率人群(如视力障碍学生)中进行研究的常见限制。作者有一个“跟进”部分的数据收集,他们测量了学生在 3 周内的笔迹表现。这种设计的优势在于它可以用来展示干预的戏剧性效果,并表明相同的干预对于不同的参与者或在不同的情况下会产生相似的结果,而不需要大量的参与者。缺点是,任何观察到的效果都可能无法推广到研究中的少数参与者之外,这是在低发病率人群(如视力障碍学生)中进行研究的常见限制。这种设计的优点是,它可以用来显示干预的一个戏剧性的效果,并表明,在相同的干预将有不同的参与者或在不同的情况类似的结果,而不需要大量参与者。缺点是,任何观察到的效果都可能无法推广到研究中的少数参与者之外,这是在低发病率人群(如视力障碍学生)中进行研究的常见限制。这种设计的优势在于它可以用来展示干预的戏剧性效果,并表明相同的干预对于不同的参与者或在不同的情况下会产生相似的结果,而不需要大量的参与者。缺点是,任何观察到的效果都可能无法推广到研究中的少数参与者之外,这是在低发病率人群(如视力障碍学生)中进行研究的常见限制。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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