The upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission, planned to launch in 2022, is the first mission to focus on measuring hydrological processes in Earth's surface water. As such, SWOT will vastly expand observations of global rivers ≥100 m wide. SWOT will provide a variety of data products, including a global vector river product containing water surface elevation (WSE), width, slope, and estimated discharge. Practical application and consistency of the SWOT vector products requires a prior global river network database divided into reaches. Here, we introduce the SWOT River Database (SWORD). SWORD will serve as the framework for the SWOT river vector products consisting of river reaches (∼10 km long) and nodes (∼200 m spacing). We generate SWORD by combining several global river- and satellite-related data sets into one congruent product. When defining river reaches, we incorporate natural and human-created river obstructions, basin boundaries, tributary junctions, and SWOT orbit track information. SWORD contains a total of 213,485 reaches and 10.7 million nodes. Globally, 77.3% of river reach lengths are between 10 and 20 km with a median reach length of 10.5 km. 95% of river reaches ≥10 km will have sufficient SWOT observations to provide discharge estimates at least once per orbit cycle. SWORD also contains many useful hydrologic and morphological attributes and is designed to be expandable in the future. Even before the launch of SWOT, it can serve as a framework for global hydrologic analyses using models, in situ measurements, and additional satellite observations.

中文翻译：

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地表水和海洋地形 (SWOT) 任务河流数据库 (SWORD)：卫星数据产品的全球河流网络

即将于 2022 年发射的即将到来的地表水和海洋地形 (SWOT) 卫星任务是第一个专注于测量地球地表水中水文过程的任务。因此，SWOT 将极大地扩展 ≥ 100 m 宽的全球河流的观测。SWOT 将提供多种数据产品，包括包含水面高程 (WSE)、宽度、坡度和估计流量的全球矢量河流产品。SWOT矢量产品的实际应用和一致性需要一个预先划分为河段的全球河网数据库。在这里，我们介绍一下 SWOT 河流数据库（SWORD）。SWORD 将作为 SWOT 河流矢量产品的框架，包括河段（约 10 公里长）和节点（约 200 米间距）。我们通过将多个与全球河流和卫星相关的数据集组合成一个一致的产品来生成 SWORD。在定义河流河段时，我们将自然和人为的河流障碍物、流域边界、支流交汇点和 SWOT 轨道轨迹信息结合起来。SWORD 共包含 213,485 个区域和 1070 万个节点。在全球范围内，77.3% 的河流河段长度在 10 至 20 公里之间，平均河段长度为 10.5 公里。95% 的河段 ≥ 10 公里将有足够的 SWOT 观测来提供每个轨道周期至少一次的排放估计。SWORD 还包含许多有用的水文和形态属性，并且可以在未来进行扩展。甚至在 SWOT 推出之前，它就可以作为使用模型、现场测量和额外卫星观测进行全球水文分析的框架。