Oil spills have caused significant environmental problems, placing the requirement of efficient and low-cost materials for the decontamination and cleanup. In attempts to answer for this requirement, in this work superhydrophobic nanocomposite sponges were developed, based on readily available and low-cost polyurethane (PU) sponges due to robustness and macro-porous structure, which were dip coated by the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF8) metalorganic framework as low density crystal and tunable microporous structure and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) to increase the hydrophobicity. The obtained composite sponges presented a nice porous structure, the surface of which was uniformly covered with the crystals of ZIF8 and PDMS. Therefore, the superhydrophobicity was obtained to show the water contact angle as high as 156º, which was prone to be wet by oils. The high-water contact angle was preserved even in the acidic and basic environment due to the physico-chemical modification of the PU surface that provided improved chemical resistance and increased hydrophobicity. Accordingly, the nanocomposite sponges absorbed low water amount (0.5 g/g) and high oil amount (58 g/g) and presented an excellent oil/water separation performance. The synergistically combined materials along with the excellent surface and porous properties were accounted for the performance attained.

石油泄漏造成了严重的环境问题，需要高效和低成本的材料进行净化和清理。为了满足这一要求，在这项工作中开发了超疏水纳米复合海绵，基于易于获得的低成本聚氨酯 (PU) 海绵，由于其坚固性和大孔结构，由沸石咪唑酯骨架 (ZIF8) 浸涂) 金属有机骨架作为低密度晶体和可调微孔结构和聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 以增加疏水性。所得复合海绵呈现出良好的多孔结构，其表面均匀覆盖着ZIF8和PDMS的晶体。因此，获得超疏水性以显示水接触角高达 156º，容易被油弄湿。由于 PU 表面的物理化学改性，即使在酸性和碱性环境中也能保持高水接触角，从而提供更好的耐化学性和增加的疏水性。因此，纳米复合海绵吸水量低（0.5 g/g）和油量高（58 g/g），表现出优异的油水分离性能。协同组合的材料以及优异的表面和多孔性能是获得的性能的原因。5 g/g) 和高油量 (58 g/g) 并表现出优异的油/水分离性能。协同结合的材料以及优异的表面和多孔性能是获得的性能的原因。5 g/g) 和高油量 (58 g/g) 并表现出优异的油/水分离性能。协同组合的材料以及优异的表面和多孔性能是获得的性能的原因。