Premature infants frequently receive antibiotics, which diminishes gut microbial diversity and increases susceptibility to infections by antibiotic resistant pathogens. Neonates with decreased gut microbiota diversity, termed dysbiotic, have dysregulated immune systems marked by increased concentrations of circulating activated T cells and decreased concentrations of circulating neutrophils and dendritic cells. We hypothesize that antibiotics (1) enrich for pathogens within the gut, 2) promote a systemic, proinflammatory host response, and 3) cause death in an antibiotic- and microbiome-specific manner in a gnotobiotic model of preterm gut microbiota disruption.

中文翻译：

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#8：在新生儿败血症的无菌小鼠模型中，微生物组和免疫破坏伴随着小鼠死亡

早产儿经常使用抗生素，这会减少肠道微生物的多样性并增加对抗生素耐药病原体感染的易感性。肠道微生物群多样性降低的新生儿，称为生态失调，其免疫系统失调，其特点是循环活化 T 细胞浓度增加，循环中性粒细胞和树突细胞浓度降低。我们假设抗生素 (1) 富含肠道内的病原体，2) 促进系统性、促炎宿主反应，以及 3) 在早产肠道微生物群破坏的无菌模型中以抗生素和微生物组特异性方式导致死亡。