The modern driver-assistance and autonomous technologies in vehicles increase the ease of driving vehicles. The increased vehicle usage increases the requirement of efficient group communication between the vehicles to support the safety as well as the non-safety applications in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET). In VANET, multicast communication is mostly preferred for the effective utilization of computational resources and the attainment of the Quality of Service (QoS). To implement an efficient multicast communication, we need to build and retain a multicast tree. Due to the high mobility and rapid topology changes, the formation and maintenance of a multicast tree are challenging in VANET. Existing multicast communication techniques are either centralized or location-based flooding and suffer from tree reconfiguration overhead. In this paper, a novel Distributed Tree-based Multicast Routing (DTMR) algorithm is proposed. During the link failure, the connection is switched to a predetermined and highly stable guardian node. Further, the tree fragmentation and the rejoining delay is reduced in VANET using the proposed algorithm, DTMR. From the simulation results, it is evident that the DTMR achieves a significant performance improvement against the existing multicast techniques such as Distributed Time-limited Reliable Broadcast Incremental Power Strategy (DTRBIP) and Energy Efficient Multicast routing protocol based on Software Defined Networks and Fog computing for Vehicular networks (EEMSFV) in terms of delay, packet loss ratio, scalability, and reliability. In terms of end-to-end delay, packet loss rate, and reliability, the DTMR outperforms the existing DTRBIP and EEMSFV protocols. DTMR achieves 94--96% reliability in highway scenarios and 96--99% reliability in urban environments. Further, as a proof of concept, the proposed, DTMR is implemented and analyzed in real-time. It is found that the real-time experimental results are on par with the simulation results. Hence, the proposed DTMR achieves network stability and reliability in real-time.

车辆中的现代驾驶辅助和自动驾驶技术提高了驾驶车辆的便利性。车辆使用量的增加增加了车辆之间高效群组通信的需求，以支持车辆自组织网络 (VANET) 中的安全和非安全应用。在 VANET 中，多播通信主要用于计算资源的有效利用和服务质量 (QoS) 的实现。为了实现高效的多播通信，我们需要构建和保留多播树。由于高移动性和快速拓扑变化，多播树的形成和维护在 VANET 中具有挑战性。现有的多播通信技术要么是集中式泛洪，要么是基于位置的泛洪，并且受到树重新配置开销的影响。在本文中，提出了一种新的基于分布式树的多播路由（DTMR）算法。在链路故障期间，将连接切换到预定且高度稳定的守护节点。此外，使用所提出的算法 DTMR 在 VANET 中减少了树碎片和重新加入延迟。从仿真结果可以看出，DTMR 相对于现有的组播技术，如分布式限时可靠广播增量功率策略 (DTRBIP) 和基于软件定义网络和雾计算的节能组播路由协议，实现了显着的性能提升。车载网络 (EEMSFV) 在延迟、丢包率、可扩展性和可靠性方面。在端到端时延、丢包率和可靠性方面，DTMR优于现有的DTRBIP和EEMSFV协议。DTMR 在高速公路场景中实现了 94--96% 的可靠性，在城市环境中实现了 96--99% 的可靠性。此外，作为概念证明，所提议的 DTMR 是实时实施和分析的。发现实时实验结果与仿真结果相当。因此，所提出的 DTMR 实时实现了网络的稳定性和可靠性。