Background

Quiet stance is impacted by Parkinson's disease and dual-tasking. Recently developed outcomes such as the time-to-boundary provide unique insight into balance by integrating center of pressure position with base of support. However, little is known about the effects of Parkinson's disease on time-to-boundary. In particular, the effects of distracting cognitive tasks, and how people with Parkinson's disease prioritize balance and cognitive tasks are poorly understood.

Methods

14 people with Parkinson's disease and 13 controls completed quiet standing and cognitive Stroop tasks separately (single-task) and together (dual-task). 2-dimentional, medio-lateral, and anterior-posterior time-to-boundary were calculated via force-plate data. Traditional sway outcomes, including sway area and path length, were also calculated. Cognitive performance was measured as the verbal reaction time after auditory stimulus delivery. Prioritization was assessed by taking the difference between cognitive and postural dual-task interference.

Findings

Time-to-boundary was worse in Parkinson's disease compared to controls (2-dimentional: p = .019; anterior-posterior: p = .062; medio-lateral: p = .012). Medio-lateral time-to-boundary, but not anterior-posterior, was significantly worse during dual-tasking than single-tasking (p = .024). Neurotypical adults tended to prioritize cognition over medio-lateral postural outcomes.

Interpretation

People with Parkinson's disease exhibit worse time-to-boundary than their neurotypical peers, and medio-lateral outcomes were sensitive to single to dual-task performance changes. Further, participants generally showed cognitive prioritization, such that cognitive performance was less impacted than medio-lateral postural outcomes by dual-tasking.

中文翻译：

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双任务对 PD 患者站立时间到边界时间的影响：一项初步研究

背景

安静的姿势受到帕金森病和双重任务的影响。最近开发的结果（例如到达边界的时间）通过将压力位置中心与支撑基础相结合，为平衡提供了独特的见解。然而，关于帕金森病对边界时间的影响知之甚少。特别是，分散认知任务的影响，以及帕金森病患者如何优先考虑平衡和认知任务，人们知之甚少。

方法

14 名帕金森病患者和 13 名对照者分别（单任务）和一起（双任务）完成了安静站立和认知 Stroop 任务。通过测力板数据计算二维、中外侧和前后边界时间。还计算了传统的摇摆结果，包括摇摆面积和路径长度。认知表现被测量为听觉刺激传递后的言语反应时间。通过考虑认知和姿势双重任务干扰之间的差异来评估优先级。

发现

与对照组相比，帕金森病患者的边界时间更差（二维：p  = .019；前后：p  = .062；中外侧：p  = .012）。在双任务处理期间，中外侧到边界时间，但不是前后，明显比单任务处理更差 ( p  = .024)。神经典型的成年人倾向于将认知优先于内侧姿势结果。

解释

帕金森病患者的边界时间比他们的神经典型同龄人更差，并且中间侧结果对单任务到双任务的性能变化很敏感。此外，参与者通常表现出认知优先级，因此认知表现受到双重任务的影响小于内侧姿势结果。