Cyberspace is a new frontier, not just for hackers, but for engineers. It is a digital ecosystem, the next generation of Internet and network applications, promising a whole new world of distributed and open systems that can interact, self-organize, evolve, and adapt. These ecosystems transcend traditional collaborative environments, such as client-server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid models (e.g., web services), to become a self-organized, evolving, interactive environment. Understanding cyberspace as a system is critical if we are to properly design systems to exist within it. Considering it to be a digital ecosystem, where systems can adapt and evolve, will enable systems engineering to become more effective in the future of networks and the Internet. While most systems engineers have only anecdotal experience with large segments of this ecosystem, in today’s world all of them must come to understand it. Engineering any system, or portion of a system, begins with an understanding of the system. This paper presents two interrelated yet distinct foundational models of the ecosystem of cyberspace: a Systemigram to narrate the cyclical nature of cyber warfare, and a modified predator–prey model, as a mathematical model. Systems engineers can utilize these models to design digital “species” that function and adapt within this ecosystem.

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网络空间：数字生态系统

网络空间是一个新的前沿领域，不仅对黑客来说，而且对工程师来说也是如此。它是一个数字生态系统，是下一代互联网和网络应用程序，预示着一个可以交互、自组织、进化和适应的分布式和开放系统的全新世界。这些生态系统超越了传统的协作环境，例如客户端-服务器、点对点或混合模型（例如 Web 服务），成为一个自组织、不断发展的交互式环境。如果我们要正确地设计存在于其中的系统，那么将网络空间理解为一个系统至关重要。将其视为一个数字生态系统，系统可以在其中适应和发展，将使系统工程在网络和互联网的未来变得更加有效。虽然大多数系统工程师对这个生态系统的大部分部分只有轶事经验，在当今世界，他们所有人都必须了解它。设计任何系统或系统的一部分，都始于对系统的了解。本文介绍了网络空间生态系统的两个相互关联但又截然不同的基础模型：一个描述网络战周期性的系统图，以及一个修正的捕食者-猎物模型，作为一个数学模型。系统工程师可以利用这些模型来设计在这个生态系统中运行和适应的数字“物种”。作为数学模型。系统工程师可以利用这些模型来设计在这个生态系统中运行和适应的数字“物种”。作为数学模型。系统工程师可以利用这些模型来设计在这个生态系统中运行和适应的数字“物种”。