Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn. 2019;1–17. Summary Although for many years it was thought that amplitude scaling of acceleration time series to reach a target intensity did not introduce any bias in the results of nonlinear response history analyses, recent studies have showed that scaling can lead to an overestimation of deformation demands with increasing scale factors. Some studies have suggested that the bias can be explained by differences in spectral shape between the response spectra of unscaled and scaled records. On the basis of these studies, some record selection procedures assume that if records are selected using spectral‐shape‐matching procedures, amplitude scaling does not induce any bias on the structural response. This study evaluates if bias is introduced on lateral displacement demands and seismic collapse risk estimates even when spectral shape is carefully taken into consideration when selecting ground motions. Several single‐degree‐of‐freedom and multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom systems are analyzed when subjected to unscaled and scaled ground motions selected to approximately match the mean and the variance of the conditional spectrum at the target level of intensity. Results show that an explicit consideration of spectral shape is not enough to avoid a systematic overestimation of lateral displacement demands and collapse probabilities as the scale factor increases. Moreover, the bias is observed in practically all cases for systems with strength degradation and it increases with decreasing period and decreasing lateral strength relative to the strength required to remain elastic. Key reasons behind the bias are presented by evaluating input energy, causal parameters, and damaging pulse distributions in unscaled and scaled ground motion sets.

中文翻译：

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使用频谱形状匹配记录评估振幅缩放对坍塌概率的偏差

地震工程结构动态。2019；1-17。总结 尽管多年来人们认为，为达到目标强度而对加速度时间序列进行幅度缩放不会在非线性响应历史分析的结果中引入任何偏差，但最近的研究表明，随着增加，缩放会导致对变形需求的高估。比例因子。一些研究表明，偏差可以通过未缩放和缩​​放记录的响应谱之间的谱形状差异来解释。在这些研究的基础上，一些记录选择程序假设如果使用谱形状匹配程序选择记录，幅度缩放不会对结构响应产生任何偏差。即使在选择地面运动时仔细考虑了频谱形状，这项研究也会评估是否对横向位移需求和地震倒塌风险估计引入了偏差。几个单自由度和多自由度系统在受到选择的未缩放和缩​​放的地面运动时进行分析，以近似匹配目标强度水平条件谱的均值和方差。结果表明，随着比例因子的增加，明确考虑频谱形状不足以避免系统地高估横向位移需求和倒塌概率。而且，对于强度下降的系统，几乎在所有情况下都会观察到偏差，并且相对于保持弹性所需的强度，它随着周期的减少和横向强度的降低而增加。通过评估未缩放和缩​​放的地面运动集中的输入能量、因果参数和破坏性脉冲分布，提出了偏差背后的关键原因。