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Spatio-temporal development of large scale auroral electrojet currents relative to substorm onsets
Annales Geophysicae ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-28 , DOI: 10.5194/angeo-2021-37
Sebastian Käki , Ari Viljanen , Liisa Juusola , Kirsti Kauristie

Abstract. During auroral substorms the electric currents flowing in the ionosphere change rapidly and a large amount of energy is dissipated in the auroral ionosphere. An important part of the auroral current system are the auroral electrojets whose profiles can be estimated from magnetic field measurements from Low Earth Orbit satellites. In this paper we combine electrojet data derived from the Swarm satellite mission of ESA with the substorm database derived from the SuperMAG ground magnetometer network data. We organize the electrojet data in relation to the location and time of the onset and obtain statistics for the development of the integrated current and latitudinal location for the auroral electrojets relative to the onset. The major features of the behaviour of the westward electrojet are found to be in accordance with earlier studies of field aligned currents and ground magnetometer observations of substorm time statistics. In addition we show that after the onset the latitudinal location of the maximum of the westward electrojet determined from Swarm satellite data is mostly located close to the SuperMAG onset latitude in the local time sector of the onset regardless of where the onset happens. We also show that the SuperMAG onset corresponds to a strengthening of the order of 100 kA in the amplitude of the median of the westward integrated current in the Swarm data from 15 minutes before to 15 minutes after the onset.

中文翻译:

相对于亚暴爆发的大规模极光电射流的时空发展

摘要。在极光亚暴期间,电离层中流动的电流迅速变化,大量能量在极光电离层中消散。极光电流系统的一个重要部分是极光电喷流,其剖面可以通过低地球轨道卫星的磁场测量来估计。在本文中,我们将来自 ESA 的 Swarm 卫星任务的电喷数据与来自 SuperMAG 地面磁力计网络数据的亚暴数据库相结合。我们根据发生的位置和时间组织电喷射数据,并获得有关极光电喷射相对于发生的综合电流和纬度位置发展的统计数据。发现向西电喷流行为的主要特征与早期对场对齐电流的研究和亚暴时间统计的地面磁力计观测结果一致。此外,我们表明,无论发生在哪里,在爆发后,根据 Swarm 卫星数据确定的西向电喷流最大值的纬度位置大多位于爆发的本地时间扇区中的 SuperMAG 爆发纬度附近。我们还表明,从开始前 15 分钟到开始后 15 分钟,SuperMAG 开始对应于 Swarm 数据中西向积分电流中值幅度的 100 kA 数量级的增强。此外,我们还表明,在爆发后,从 Swarm 卫星数据确定的西向电喷流最大值的纬度位置大多位于爆发的本地时间扇区中的 SuperMAG 爆发纬度附近,无论爆发发生在何处。我们还表明,从开始前 15 分钟到开始后 15 分钟,SuperMAG 开始对应于 Swarm 数据中西向积分电流中值幅度的 100 kA 数量级的增强。此外,我们还表明,在爆发后,从 Swarm 卫星数据确定的西向电喷流最大值的纬度位置大多位于爆发的本地时间扇区中的 SuperMAG 爆发纬度附近,无论爆发发生在何处。我们还表明,从开始前 15 分钟到开始后 15 分钟,SuperMAG 开始对应于 Swarm 数据中西向积分电流中值幅度的 100 kA 数量级的增强。
更新日期:2021-06-28
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