In exploration and earthquake seismology, most sources used in subsurface structure imaging and rock property estimation are fixed in certain positions. Continuously moving seismic sources, such as vehicles and the metro, are one kind of important passive sources in ambient noise research. Commonly, seismic data acquisition and processing for moving sources are based on the assumption of simple point passive sources, and the dispersion curve inversion is applied to constrain near‐surface velocity. This workflow neglects the Doppler effects. Considering the continuously moving properties of the sources, we first derive the analytical solution for the Rayleigh waves excited by heavy vehicles and then analyze their Doppler effects and dispersion curves. We observe that the moving source data have the Doppler effect when compared with the changes in the frequency of the source intensity, but this effect does not affect the frequency dispersion of Rayleigh waves. The dispersion curves computed for moving source records are consistent with the analytical dispersion solutions, which provide a theoretical foundation for velocity estimation using moving source data.

中文翻译：

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连续移动地震源的面波模拟

在勘探和地震学中，地下结构成像和岩石属性估计中使用的大多数震源都固定在某些位置。车辆、地铁等连续运动的震源是环境噪声研究中一种重要的无源震源。通常，移动震源的地震数据采集和处理基于单点被动震源假设，采用频散曲线反演来约束近地表速度。此工作流程忽略了多普勒效应。考虑到源的连续运动特性，我们首先推导出重型车辆激发的瑞利波的解析解，然后分析它们的多普勒效应和频散曲线。我们观察到，与源强度频率变化相比，移动源数据具有多普勒效应，但这种效应不影响瑞利波的频率色散。为移动源记录计算的频散曲线与解析频散解一致，为使用移动源数据进行速度估计提供了理论基础。