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The expanding world of tissue-resident macrophages
European Journal of Immunology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-09 , DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048881
Stephen J Jenkins 1 , Judith E Allen 2
Affiliation  

The term ‘macrophage’ encompasses tissue cells that typically share dependence on the same transcriptional regulatory pathways (e.g. the transcription factor PU.1) and growth factors (e.g. CSF1/IL-34). They share a core set of functions that largely arise from a uniquely high phagocytic capacity manifest in their ability to clear dying cells, pathogens and scavenge damaged, toxic or modified host molecules. However, macrophages demonstrate a remarkable degree of tissue-specific functionality and have diverse origins that vary by tissue site and inflammation status. With our understanding of this diversity has come an appreciation of the longevity and replicative capacity of tissue-resident macrophages and thus the realisation that macrophages may persist through tissue perturbations and inflammatory events with important consequences for cell function. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the parameters that regulate macrophage survival and function, focusing on the relative importance of the tissue environment versus cell-intrinsic factors, such as origin, how long a cell has been resident within a tissue and prior history of activation. Thus, we reconsider the view of macrophages as wholly plastic cells and raise many unanswered questions about the relative importance of cell life-history versus environment in macrophage programming and function.

中文翻译:

不断扩大的组织驻留巨噬细胞世界

术语“巨噬细胞”包括通常依赖于相同转录调节途径(例如转录因子PU.1)和生长因子(例如CSF1/IL-34)的组织细胞。它们共享一组核心功能,这些功能主要源于独特的高吞噬能力,​​表现为它们清除垂死细胞、病原体和清除受损、有毒或修饰的宿主分子的能力。然而,巨噬细胞表现出显着程度的组织特异性功能,并且具有因组织部位和炎症状态而异的不同起源。随着我们对这种多样性的理解,我们对组织驻留巨噬细胞的寿命和复制能力有了认识,从而认识到巨噬细胞可能会通过组织扰动和炎症事件持续存在,并对细胞功能产生重要影响。在这里,我们讨论了我们目前对调节巨噬细胞存活和功能的参数的理解,重点关注组织环境与细胞内在因素的相对重要性,例如起源、细胞在组织中的停留时间和先前的历史。激活。因此,我们重新考虑将巨噬细胞视为完全可塑性细胞的观点,并提出许多关于细胞生命史与环境在巨噬细胞编程和功能中的相对重要性的未解决问题。我们讨论了我们目前对调节巨噬细胞存活和功能的参数的理解,重点关注组织环境与细胞内在因素的相对重要性,例如起源、细胞在组织内的停留时间和先前的激活历史。因此,我们重新考虑将巨噬细胞视为完全可塑性细胞的观点,并提出许多关于细胞生命史与环境在巨噬细胞编程和功能中的相对重要性的未解决问题。我们讨论了我们目前对调节巨噬细胞存活和功能的参数的理解,重点关注组织环境与细胞内在因素的相对重要性,例如起源、细胞在组织内的停留时间和先前的激活历史。因此,我们重新考虑将巨噬细胞视为完全可塑性细胞的观点,并提出许多关于细胞生命史与环境在巨噬细胞编程和功能中的相对重要性的未解决问题。
更新日期:2021-08-05
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