Given widespread recognition of sexual violence as a public health concern, sexual harassment has garnered considerable attention from researchers and the public. Yet research with adolescent samples has typically focused on the experiences of victims rather than perpetrators, and males as perpetrators and females as victims. In the current article, we consider whether risk and protective factors operate similarly within and across sex assigned at birth. A national sample of youth, ages 14 and 15, were recruited via social media and surveyed online (N = 1,981). At the individual level, girls who sexually harassed others, were more likely to have a propensity to respond to stimuli with anger compared to boys who sexually harassed. At the relational level, girls who sexually harassed were more likely to be victims of sexual harassment compared to boys, and having a negative peer environment (have delinquent peers, seen someone get attacked, and know someone who has been sexually assaulted) was of particular importance in understanding why girls harass others. For boys who harass, family relations, having seen or heard about peer physical or sexual assault and bullying perpetration were important for contextualizing boys’ sexual harassment. As empathy increased, the relative odds of sexually harassing decreased for girls. Future research should explore motivations for perpetrating sexual harassment, bystander interventions, and longitudinal frameworks to identify causal patterns to determine which factors inhibit or facilitate sexual harassment.

鉴于人们广泛认识到性暴力是一个公共卫生问题，性骚扰已引起研究人员和公众的广泛关注。然而，针对青少年样本的研究通常侧重于受害者而不是施暴者的经历，并且男性是施暴者，女性是受害者。在本文中，我们考虑风险和保护因素在出生时分配的性别内部和不同性别之间的作用是否相似。通过社交媒体招募全国 14 岁和 15 岁青少年样本并进行在线调查（ N = 1,981）。在个人层面上，与遭受性骚扰的男孩相比，遭受性骚扰的女孩更有可能对刺激做出愤怒反应。在关系层面，遭受性骚扰的女孩比男孩更有可能成为性骚扰的受害者，而消极的同伴环境（有犯罪的同伴、见过有人被攻击、认识有人被性侵犯）尤其重要了解女孩骚扰他人的原因很重要。对于骚扰的男孩来说，家庭关系、看到或听说过同伴的身体攻击或性侵犯以及欺凌行为对于了解男孩性骚扰的背景非常重要。随着同理心的增加，女孩遭受性骚扰的相对几率下降。未来的研究应探索实施性骚扰的动机、旁观者干预和纵向框架，以确定因果模式，以确定哪些因素抑制或促进性骚扰。