Genus Fimbristylis colonizes salt-affected wetlands and salt marshes of tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Populations of three Fimbristylis spp. (F. complanata, F. dichotoma and F. rigidula) were collected from differently salt-affected wetlands (HT-Treemu Headworks, least saline; JR-Jhumra Road, moderately saline and SH-Sahianwala, highly saline). These populations were evaluated for degree of salinity tolerance in relation to shoot ionic contents, biochemical, gas exchanges and anatomical traits. The JR population showed significantly higher concentration of chlorophyll a and b, and, an increased net assimilation (A) and transpiration (E) rates. Stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency were the maximum in highly saline SH populations of F. complanata and F. dichotoma. Leaf osmotic and water potentials turnout to be more negative in SH population. The JR population maintained fairly constant leaf osmotic and water potentials. All SH population maintained high turgor potential. The SH population of F. complanata accumulated high total soluble proteins (TSP) as compared to counterpart populations, while in case of F. rigidula TSP was maximum in JR population. The SH population accumulated excess amounts of total soluble sugars and free amino acids for better osmotic adjustments in all species of Fimbristylis. Additionally, more accumulation of Na⁺, but also promoted K⁺ and Ca²⁺ uptake among all species of Fimbristylis. All Fimbristylis populations showed specific anatomical modifications at higher salinity levels. At root level, an increase in the epidermal cell area, cortical region (enhance water storage), thickened exodermal layers, efficient conducting tissues (metaxylem, phloem) were observed. Stem adaptations included increased stem radius and vascular bundle thickness, and large metaxylem vessels. Leaf modifications consisted of broad midrib and lamina. In conclusion, all these species showed greater salinity tolerance and survived up to the highest saline levels. Therefore, this study strongly recommends using these species for revegetation and phytoremediation of the salt-affected lands.

Fimbristylis属栖息于世界热带和亚热带地区受盐影响的湿地和盐沼。三个Fimbristylis spp的种群。（F. complanata、F. dichotoma和F. hardula）从不同受盐影响的湿地（HT-Treemu Headworks，最低盐分；JR-Jhumra Road，中等盐分和 SH-Sahianwala，高盐分）收集。这些种群的耐盐度与枝条离子含量、生化、气体交换和解剖特征有关。JR 种群的叶绿素a和b浓度显着更高，并且净同化增加（A) 和蒸腾 ( E ) 率。气孔导度( gs )和水分利用效率在F. complanata和F. dichotom的高盐SH种群中最大。叶片渗透势和水势在 SH 种群中更为负。JR 种群保持相当恒定的叶渗透势和水势。所有 SH 群体都保持高膨胀潜力。与对应种群相比，F. complanata的 SH 种群积累了高总可溶性蛋白 (TSP)，而在F. hardula 的情况下TSP 在 JR 人群中最大。SH 种群积累了过量的总可溶性糖和游离氨基酸，以便在所有Fimbristylis物种中进行更好的渗透调节。此外，更多的Na ⁺积累，也促进了所有Fimbristylis物种对K ⁺和Ca ^{2+ 的}吸收。所有Fimbristylis种群在较高盐度水平下显示出特定的解剖结构。在根水平，观察到表皮细胞面积、皮质区域（增强储水）、外皮层增厚、有效传导组织（后木质部、韧皮部）的增加。茎的适应性包括增加的茎半径和维管束厚度，以及大的后木质部血管。叶修饰包括宽阔的中脉和叶片。总之，所有这些物种都表现出更高的耐盐性，并在最高盐度水平下存活。因此，本研究强烈建议使用这些物种对受盐分影响的土地进行重新植被和植物修复。