In the agroecosystem, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in fertilisers, pesticides, remediation and bio-sensors. These applications lead to a pervasive and inevitable distribution of TiO₂ NPs in the agroecosystem. It is very important to understand the behaviour of TiO₂ NPs in the soil and to assess their impact on the agroecosystem. This review aims to provide an overview of the fate and behaviour of TiO₂ NPs in the soil and their impact on staple food crops. The first part of this review deals with the application, and release of TiO₂ NPs followed by their fate and behaviour of TiO₂ NPs in the soil. Furthermore, the dual (beneficial and toxic) impact of TiO₂ NPs on staple food crops such as wheat, rice and maize has been discussed. We also address the mechanism of impact of TiO₂ NPs. The second part deals with the beneficial impact of TiO₂ NPs followed by their critical assessment. The final section of the review deals with the existing knowledge gaps and future research directions. This review is to deliver information on the safer application of nanoparticles in agriculture.

在农业生态系统中，二氧化钛纳米颗粒用于肥料、杀虫剂、修复和生物传感器。这些应用导致 TiO ₂ NPs 在农业生态系统中普遍且不可避免地分布。了解 TiO ₂ NPs 在土壤中的行为并评估它们对农业生态系统的影响非常重要。本综述旨在概述 TiO ₂ NPs 在土壤中的归宿和行为及其对主粮作物的影响。本综述的第一部分涉及 TiO ₂ NPs的应用和释放，以及 TiO ₂ NPs 在土壤中的命运和行为。此外，TiO ₂的双重（有益和有毒）影响已经讨论了小麦、水稻和玉米等主粮作物的纳米颗粒。我们还解决了 TiO ₂ NPs的影响机制。第二部分处理 TiO ₂ NPs的有益影响，然后对其进行批判性评估。评论的最后一部分涉及现有的知识差距和未来的研究方向。本综述旨在提供有关纳米粒子在农业中更安全应用的信息。