Human-driven changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs are modifying biogeochemical cycles and the trophic state of many habitats worldwide. These alterations are predicted to continue to increase, with the potential for a wide range of impacts on invertebrates, key players in ecosystem-level processes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 1679 cases from 207 studies reporting the effects of N, P, and combined N + P enrichment on the abundance, biomass, and richness of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions decreased invertebrate abundance in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with stronger impacts under combined N + P additions. Likewise, N and N + P additions had stronger negative impacts on the abundance of tropical than temperate invertebrates. Overall, the effects of nutrient enrichment did not differ significantly among major invertebrate taxonomic groups, suggesting that changes in biogeochemical cycles are a pervasive threat to invertebrate populations across ecosystems. The effects of N and P additions differed significantly among invertebrate trophic groups but N + P addition had a consistent negative effect on invertebrates. Nutrient additions had weaker or inconclusive impacts on invertebrate biomass and richness, possibly due to the low number of case studies for these community responses. Our findings suggest that N and P enrichment affect invertebrate community structure mainly by decreasing invertebrate abundance, and these effects are dependent on the habitat and trophic identity of the invertebrates. These results highlight the important effects of human-driven nutrient enrichment on ecological systems and suggest a potential driver for the global invertebrate decline documented in recent years.

中文翻译：

---

氮和磷富集导致无脊椎动物种群下降：一项全球荟萃分析

人类驱动的氮 (N) 和磷 (P) 输入变化正在改变全球许多栖息地的生物地球化学循环和营养状态。预计这些变化将继续增加，并可能对无脊椎动物产生广泛影响，无脊椎动物是生态系统层面过程的关键参与者。在这里，我们对来自 207 项研究的 1679 个案例进行了荟萃分析，这些研究报告了 N、P 和 N + P 组合富集对水生和陆生无脊椎动物的丰度、生物量和丰富度的影响。氮和磷的添加降低了陆地和水生生态系统中无脊椎动物的丰度，在 N + P 的组合添加下影响更大。同样，N 和 N + P 的添加对热带无脊椎动物的丰度产生了比温带无脊椎动物更强烈的负面影响。全面的，营养丰富的影响在主要无脊椎动物分类群之间没有显着差异，这表明生物地球化学循环的变化是对整个生态系统无脊椎动物种群的普遍威胁。N 和 P 添加的影响在无脊椎动物营养组之间存在显着差异，但 N + P 添加对无脊椎动物具有一致的负面影响。营养添加对无脊椎动物生物量和丰富度的影响较弱或不确定，这可能是由于这些社区反应的案例研究数量较少。我们的研究结果表明，N 和 P 的富集主要通过降低无脊椎动物丰度来影响无脊椎动物群落结构，而这些影响取决于无脊椎动物的栖息地和营养特性。