Predictors and consequences of non-suicidal self-injury in relation to life, peer, and school factors,Journal of Adolescence

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Predictors and consequences of non-suicidal self-injury in relation to life, peer, and school factors
Journal of Adolescence ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.005
I Baetens ₁ , D Greene ₂ , L Van Hove ₁ , K Van Leeuwen ₃ , J R Wiersema ₄ , A Desoete ₄ , M Roelants ₅

Affiliation

Introduction

Numerous life, peer, and school-related factors have been found to be associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents; however, most studies have not explored the possible reciprocal nature of these associations. The aim of the current study was to examine bidirectional and longitudinal associations between NSSI and several life, peer, and school-related factors (i.e., stressful life events, peer relationships, academic achievement, and attitudes towards school).

Method

Community-based adolescents completed questionnaires assessing the variables of interest at three time points; age 12 (T1; 55.09% girls), age 13 (T2; 56.95% girls), and ages 14–15 (T3; 57.41% girls). In total, 529 adolescents provided complete data across all three-time points.

Results

Analyses showed a bidirectional association between NSSI and both attitudes towards school and stressful life events. Specifically, stressful life events at T2 predicted engagement in NSSI at T3, and NSSI at T2 predicted increased risk of stressful life events at T3. Similarly, having negative attitudes towards school predicted NSSI at T2, which, in turn, predicted negative attitudes towards school at T3. Further, academic achievement at T1 was negatively associated with NSSI at T2. Peer relationships were neither a predictor nor a consequence of NSSI.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that NSSI can be both a predictor and a consequence of various life, and school factors. Focus on these factors in prevention and intervention efforts for NSSI among adolescents may be warranted.

中文翻译：

与生活、同伴和学校因素相关的非自杀性自伤的预测因素和后果

介绍

已发现许多生活、同伴和学校相关因素与青少年的非自杀性自伤 (NSSI) 相关；然而，大多数研究并没有探讨这些关联可能的互惠性质。本研究的目的是检验 NSSI 与若干生活、同伴和学校相关因素（即压力生活事件、同伴关系、学业成就和对学校的态度）之间的双向和纵向关联。

方法

以社区为基础的青少年在三个时间点完成了评估感兴趣变量的问卷；12 岁（T1；55.09% 女孩）、13 岁（T2；56.95% 女孩）和 14-15 岁（T3；57.41% 女孩）。总共有 529 名青少年提供了所有三个时间点的完整数据。

结果

分析显示 NSSI 与对学校和压力生活事件的态度之间存在双向关联。具体而言，T2 时的压力性生活事件预测 T3 时参与 NSSI，而 T2 时的 NSSI 预测 T3 时压力性生活事件的风险增加。同样，对学校的消极态度预测了 T2 时的 NSSI，反过来又预测了 T3 时对学校的消极态度。此外，T1 的学业成绩与 T2 的 NSSI 呈负相关。同伴关系既不是 NSSI 的预测因素，也不是 NSSI 的结果。