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The effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation intensity on motor performance in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-26 , DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00899-z
Ohad Lerner 1 , Jason Friedman 2, 3 , Silvi Frenkel-Toledo 1, 4
Affiliation  

The results of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies that seek to improve motor performance for people with neurological disorders, by targeting the primary motor cortex, have been inconsistent. One possible reason, among others, for this inconsistency, is that very little is known about the optimal protocols for enhancing motor performance in healthy individuals. The best way to optimize stimulation protocols for enhancing tDCS effects on motor performance by means of current intensity modulation has not yet been determined. We aimed to determine the effect of current intensity on motor performance using–for the first time–a montage optimized for maximal focal stimulation via anodal high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) on the right primary motor cortex in healthy subjects. Sixty participants randomly received 20-min HD-tDCS at 1.5, 2 mA, or sham stimulation. Participants’ reaching performance with the left hand on a tablet was tested before, during, and immediately following stimulation, and retested after 24 h. In the current montage of HD-tDCS, movement time did not differ between groups in each timepoint. However, only after HD-tDCS at 1.5 mA did movement time improve at posttest as compared to pretest. This reduction in movement time from pretest to posttest was significantly greater compared to HD-tDCS 2 mA. Following HD-tDCS at 1.5 mA and sham HD-tDCS, but not 2 mA, movement time improved at retest compared to pretest, and at posttest and retest compared to the movement time during stimulation. In HD-tDCS at 2 mA, the negligible reduction in movement time from the course of stimulation to posttest was significantly lower compared to sham HD-tDCS. Across all groups, reaction time improved in retest compared to pretest and to the reaction time during stimulation, and did not differ between groups in each timepoint. It appears that 2 mA in this particular experimental setup inhibited the learning effects. These results suggest that excitatory effects induced by anodal stimulation do not hold for every stimulation intensity, information that should be taken into consideration when translating tDCS use from the realm of research into more optimal neurorehabilitation. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Gov, NCT04577768. Registered 6 October 2019 -Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A9B3&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005AKF&ts=8&cx=buucf0 .

中文翻译:

高清经颅直流电刺激强度对健康成人运动表现的影响:一项随机对照试验

旨在通过针对初级运动皮层来改善神经系统疾病患者运动表现的经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 研究结果不一致。造成这种不一致的一个可能原因是,人们对增强健康个体运动表现的最佳方案知之甚少。通过电流强度调制来优化刺激方案以增强 tDCS 对运动性能的影响的最佳方法尚未确定。我们的目的是确定电流强度对运动表现的影响——首次使用——通过阳极高清 tDCS (HD-tDCS) 在健康受试者的右侧初级运动皮层上为最大焦点刺激而优化的蒙太奇。60 名参与者在 1.5 时随机接受 20 分钟 HD-tDCS,2 mA,或假刺激。在刺激之前、期间和之后立即测试参与者用左手在平板电脑上的达到性能,并在 24 小时后重新测试。在当前的 HD-tDCS 蒙太奇中,每个时间点的组间运动时间没有差异。然而,只有在 1.5 mA 的 HD-tDCS 后,与前测相比,后测中的运动时间才会有所改善。与 HD-tDCS 2 mA 相比,这种从前测到后测的运动时间减少明显更大。在 1.5 mA 的 HD-tDCS 和假 HD-tDCS(但不是 2 mA)后,重新测试时的运动时间与前测相比有所改善,后测和重新测试时与刺激期间的运动时间相比有所改善。在 2 mA 的 HD-tDCS 中,与假 HD-tDCS 相比,从刺激过程到后测的运动时间减少可忽略不计。在所有群体中,与预测试和刺激期间的反应时间相比,重新测试的反应时间有所改善,并且在每个时间点的组间没有差异。在这个特定的实验设置中,2 mA 似乎抑制了学习效果。这些结果表明,阳极刺激引起的兴奋效应并不适用于每种刺激强度,在将 tDCS 使用从研究领域转化为更优化的神经康复时应考虑到的信息。试验注册:临床试验政府,NCT04577768。2019 年 10 月 6 日注册 - 追溯注册,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A9B3&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005AKF&ts=8&cx=buucf0。并且在每个时间点的组之间没有差异。在这个特定的实验设置中,2 mA 似乎抑制了学习效果。这些结果表明,阳极刺激引起的兴奋效应并不适用于每种刺激强度,在将 tDCS 使用从研究领域转化为更优化的神经康复时应考虑到的信息。试验注册:临床试验政府,NCT04577768。2019 年 10 月 6 日注册 - 追溯注册,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A9B3&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005AKF&ts=8&cx=buucf0。并且在每个时间点的组之间没有差异。在这个特定的实验设置中,2 mA 似乎抑制了学习效果。这些结果表明,阳极刺激引起的兴奋效应并不适用于每种刺激强度,在将 tDCS 使用从研究领域转化为更优化的神经康复时应考虑到的信息。试验注册:临床试验政府,NCT04577768。2019 年 10 月 6 日注册 - 追溯注册,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A9B3&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005AKF&ts=8&cx=buucf0。这些结果表明,阳极刺激引起的兴奋效应并不适用于每种刺激强度,在将 tDCS 使用从研究领域转化为更优化的神经康复时应考虑到的信息。试验注册:临床试验政府,NCT04577768。2019 年 10 月 6 日注册 - 追溯注册,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A9B3&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005AKF&ts=8&cx=buucf0。这些结果表明,阳极刺激引起的兴奋效应并不适用于每种刺激强度,在将 tDCS 使用从研究领域转化为更优化的神经康复时应考虑到的信息。试验注册:临床试验政府,NCT04577768。2019 年 10 月 6 日注册 - 追溯注册,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A9B3&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005AKF&ts=8&cx=buucf0。
更新日期:2021-06-28
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