Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect health and well-being across the life course. Resilience is an individual characteristic that is known to help negate the effect of adversities and potentially transform toxic stress into tolerable stress. Having access to a trusted adult during childhood is critical to helping children build resiliency. Here, we aim to understand the relationship between always having access to trusted adult support and childhood resilience resources, and examine which sources of personal adult support and the number of sources of adult support, best foster childhood resilience. A Welsh national cross-sectional retrospective survey (n = 2497), using a stratified random probability sample. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews at participants’ places of residence by trained interviewers. Analyses use chi-square and binary logistic regression methods. Outcome measures were childhood resilience resources, access to an always-available trusted adult, and sources of personal adult support. Prevalence of access to an always-available trusted adult decreased with increasing number of ACEs from 86.6% of individuals with no ACEs, to 44.4% of those with four or more ACEs (≥ 4). In addition, for those experiencing ≥ 4 ACEs, individuals with no access to a trusted adult were substantially less likely than those with access, to report childhood resilience resources. For example, for individuals with ≥ 4 ACEs, those with access to an always-available trusted adult were 5.6 times more likely to have had supportive friends and 5.7 times more likely to have been given opportunities to develop skills to succeed in life, compared to those with no access to a trusted adult. When looking at sources of personal adult support, resilience levels increased dramatically for those individuals who had either one parent only or two parents as sources of support, in comparison to those without parental support. Analyses here suggest strong relationships between elements of childhood resilience, constant access to trusted adults and different sources of personal adult support. While the eradication of ACEs remains unlikely, actions to strengthen childhood access to trusted adults may partially ease immediate harms and protect future generations.

中文翻译：

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童年时期的成人支持：对可信赖的成人关系、个人成人支持的来源及其与儿童复原力资源的关系的回顾性研究

不良童年经历 (ACE) 会影响整个生命过程的健康和福祉。韧性是一种个人特征，众所周知，它有助于消除逆境的影响，并有可能将有毒压力转化为可忍受的压力。在童年时期与值得信赖的成年人接触对于帮助孩子建立适应能力至关重要。在这里，我们的目标是了解始终获得值得信赖的成人支持与儿童复原力资源之间的关系，并研究哪些个人成人支持来源和成人支持来源的数量最能培养儿童复原力。威尔士全国横断面回顾性调查（n = 2497），使用分层随机概率样本。数据是由训练有素的采访员在参与者的居住地通过面对面采访收集的。分析使用卡方和二元逻辑回归方法。结果衡量标准包括儿童复原力资源、与随时可用的值得信赖的成年人的联系以及成人个人支持的来源。随着 ACE 数量的增加，与始终可用的可信成年人联系的比例从没有 ACE 的 86.6% 下降到有 4 个或更多 ACE (≥ 4) 的个体的 44.4%。此外，对于那些经历 ≥ 4 ACE 的人来说，无法接触到可信赖成年人的人报告儿童复原力资源的可能性大大低于那些有机会接触到的人。例如，对于 ACE ≥ 4 的个人来说，与那些能够随时联系到值得信赖的成年人的人相比，那些拥有支持性朋友的可能性高出 5.6 倍，获得发展技能以取得人生成功的机会的可能性高出 5.7 倍。那些无法接触到值得信赖的成年人的人。在考察个人成人支持的来源时，与没有父母支持的人相比，那些只有一位父母或两位父母作为支持来源的人的复原力水平显着提高。这里的分析表明，童年复原力、不断接触值得信赖的成年人和不同的成人个人支持来源之间存在着密切的关系。虽然根除 ACE 的可能性仍然不大，但加强儿童接触值得信赖的成年人的行动可能会部分减轻直接伤害并保护子孙后代。