Fitness consequences of intraspecific genetic admixture can vary from positive to negative depending on the genetic composition of the populations and environmental conditions. Because admixture has potential to influence the success of management and conservation efforts, genetic similarity has been suggested to be used as a proxy to predict the outcome. Studies utilizing microsatellites (a neutral marker) to investigate associations between genetic distance and admixture effects show conflicting results. Marker types that yield information on genome-wide and/or adaptive variation might be more useful for predicting responses to inter-population hybridization. In this study we utilized published data for three populations of pike (Esox lucius) to investigate associations between offspring performance (hatching success) and parental genetic similarity in experimentally purebred and admixed families, based on neutral (microsatellites), genome-wide neutral (RADseq SNPs), and adaptive (SNPs under selection) markers. Estimated similarity varied among the markers, likely reflecting differences in their inherent properties, but was consistently higher in purebred than admixed families. A significant interaction between marker type and admixture treatment reflected that neutral SNPs yielded higher estimates than adaptive SNPs for admixed families whereas no difference was found for purebred families, which indicates that neutral similarity was not reflective of adaptive similarity. When all samples were pooled, no association between similarity and performance was found for any marker. For microsatellites, similarity was positively correlated with hatching success in purebred families, whereas no association was found in admixed families; however, the direction of the effect differed between the population combinations. The results strengthen the notion that, as of today, there is no proxy that can reliably predicted the outcome of admixture. This emphasizes the need of further studies to advance knowledge that can shed light on how to safeguard against negative consequences of admixture, and thereby inform management and promote conservation of biological diversity.

中文翻译：

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遗传标记如何很好地告知对种内混合物的反应？微卫星与RADseq对比分析

根据种群的遗传组成和环境条件，种内遗传混合物的适应性后果可以从正面到负面不等。由于混合物有可能影响管理和保护工作的成功，有人建议将遗传相似性用作预测结果的代理。利用微卫星（一种中性标记）来研究遗传距离与混合效应之间的关联的研究显示出相互矛盾的结果。产生全基因组和/或适应性变异信息的标记类型可能更有助于预测对种群间杂交的反应。在这项研究中，我们利用已发表的三个梭鱼（Esox lucius）种群的数据，基于中性（微卫星）、全基因组中性（RADseq）研究实验纯种和混合家庭中后代表现（孵化成功）与亲本遗传相似性之间的关联SNP）和适应性（选择中的 SNP）标记。估计的相似性在标记之间有所不同，可能反映了它们固有特性的差异，但在纯种家族中始终高于混合家族。标记类型和混合处理之间的显着相互作用反映了中性 SNP 比混合家庭的适应性 SNP 产生更高的估计，而纯种家庭没有发现差异，这表明中性相似性不反映适应性相似性。当所有样本汇集在一起​​时，没有发现任何标记的相似性和性能之间的关联。对于微卫星，相似性与纯种家庭的孵化成功率呈正相关，而在混合家庭中没有发现相关性；然而，人口组合之间的影响方向不同。结果强化了这样一种观点，即截至今天，没有任何代理可以可靠地预测混合物的结果。这强调了进一步研究的必要性，以推进可以阐明如何防止混合物的负面后果的知识，从而为管理提供信息并促进生物多样性的保护。而在混合家庭中没有发现关联；然而，人口组合之间的影响方向不同。结果强化了这样一种观点，即截至今天，没有任何代理可以可靠地预测混合物的结果。这强调了进一步研究的必要性，以推进可以阐明如何防止混合物的负面后果的知识，从而为管理提供信息并促进生物多样性的保护。而在混合家庭中没有发现关联；然而，人口组合之间的影响方向不同。结果强化了这样一种观点，即截至今天，没有任何代理可以可靠地预测混合物的结果。这强调了进一步研究的必要性，以推进可以阐明如何防止混合物的负面后果的知识，从而为管理提供信息并促进生物多样性的保护。