Various regimes of hybrid, bulk-surface, modes being excited in the clinotron oscillator with a sheet electron beam and nonuniform grating have been studied theoretically. It is shown that higher output power of the hybrid mode in comparison with pure surface or bulk modes is due to an increase of a feedback and efficiency of the radiation output caused by radiating harmonic and due to high coupling factor caused by the surface harmonic. 2D PIC simulations predicted output power of dozens of Watts in 0.5–0.7 THz range provided by the 0.2 A, 17 kV beam with the output efficiency of up to 1%. The simulated frequency tuning range was about 5%. Mode competition has been discussed, in particular; it is shown that single or two mode operation, hysteresis effect, etc. are controlled by the waveguide height.

已经在理论上研究了在斜加速器振荡器中用片状电子束和非均匀光栅激发的混合体表面模式的各种机制。结果表明，与纯表面或体模式相比，混合模式的更高输出功率是由于辐射谐波引起的辐射输出的反馈和效率的增加以及由于表面谐波引起的高耦合因子。2D PIC 模拟预测了 0.5-0.7 THz 范围内由 0.2 A、17 kV 光束提供的数十瓦的输出功率，输出效率高达 1%。模拟的频率调谐范围约为 5%。特别讨论了模式竞争；结果表明，单模或双模操作、滞后效应等受波导高度控制。