Several types of psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are considered well established and effective, but evidence of their long-term efficacy is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes across psychological treatments for PTSD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PTSDpubs, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and related articles were searched for randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months of follow-up. Twenty-two studies (N = 2638) met inclusion criteria, and 43 comparisons of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were available at follow-up. Active treatments for PTSD yielded large effect sizes from pretest to follow-up and a small controlled effect size compared with non-directive control groups at follow-up. Trauma-focused treatment (TFT) and non-TFT showed large improvements from pretest to follow-up, and effect sizes did not significantly differ from each other. Active treatments for comorbid depressive symptoms revealed small to medium effect sizes at follow-up, and improved PTSD and depressive symptoms remained stable from treatment end to follow-up. Military personnel, low proportion of female patients, and self-rated PTSD measures were associated with decreased effect sizes for PTSD at follow-up. The findings suggest that CBT for PTSD is efficacious in the long term. Future studies are needed to determine the lasting efficacy of other psychological treatments and to confirm benefits beyond 12-month follow-up.

中文翻译：

---

创伤后应激障碍心理治疗的长期结果：系统评价和荟萃分析

创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的几种类型的心理治疗被认为是成熟且有效的，但其长期疗效的证据有限。这项系统回顾和荟萃分析旨在调查创伤后应激障碍心理治疗的长期结果。在 MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、PTSDpubs、PsycINFO、PSYNDEX 和相关文章中搜索了至少有 12 个月随访的随机对照试验。二十二项研究（氮= 2638）符合纳入标准，并且在随访时可获得 43 项认知行为治疗 (CBT) 比较。与非指导性对照组相比，PTSD 的积极治疗从预测试到随访产生了较大的效果，并且在随访时产生了较小的受控效果。创伤重点治疗（TFT）和非 TFT 从预测试到随访显示出巨大的改善，并且效果大小彼此之间没有显着差异。对共病抑郁症状的积极治疗在随访中显示出小到中等的效果，并且从治疗结束到随访，PTSD 得到改善，抑郁症状保持稳定。军人、女性患者比例较低以及自评 PTSD 测量与随访时 PTSD 效应大小降低相关。研究结果表明，从长远来看，认知行为疗法（CBT）治疗创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是有效的。未来的研究需要确定其他心理治疗的持久疗效，并确认 12 个月随访后的益处。