The past decade has seen a period for the rapid development of nanozymes. As a class of nanoscale materials with some enzyme-like properties, nanozymes not only possess catalytic activity comparable to that of natural enzymes with the help of advanced technologies, but also have unique superiorities including excellent robustness in harsh environments, large-scale production, low cost, and ease of performance modulation. These advantages make them a promising generation of artificial enzymes for various applications. Especially in the analytical field, the nature of nanozyme catalysis offers amplified signals for high-sensitivity detection. However, most of currently developed nanozymes lack essential catalytic specificity, which becomes one of their biggest challenges in sensing. How to realize selective detection turns to be a vital problem in the nanozyme analytical community. In this review, we first summarize strategies available to make nanozymes work for the analytical application with good specificity. Then, typical examples utilizing these strategies to achieve selective detection are introduced, followed by the discussion of their merits as well as challenges. In the end, trends of nanozymes in this promising area are presented, to provide some guides for designing nanozyme sensing methods and devices for practical applications.

过去十年见证了纳米酶快速发展的时期。纳米酶作为一类具有类似酶性质的纳米材料，借助先进的技术，不仅具有与天然酶相当的催化活性，而且还具有在恶劣环境中具有优异的鲁棒性、规模化生产、低成本，并易于性能调制。这些优点使它们成为用于各种应用的有前途的人造酶。特别是在分析领域，纳米酶催化的性质为高灵敏度检测提供了放大信号。然而，目前开发的大多数纳米酶缺乏必要的催化特异性，这成为它们在传感方面的最大挑战之一。如何实现选择性检测成为纳米酶分析界的一个重要问题。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了使纳米酶以良好的特异性用于分析应用的策略。然后，介绍了利用这些策略实现选择性检测的典型例子，然后讨论了它们的优点和挑战。最后，介绍了纳米酶在这个有前景的领域的发展趋势，为设计用于实际应用的纳米酶传感方法和装置提供一些指导。随后讨论了他们的优点和挑战。最后，介绍了纳米酶在这个有前景的领域的发展趋势，为设计用于实际应用的纳米酶传感方法和装置提供一些指导。随后讨论了他们的优点和挑战。最后，介绍了纳米酶在这个有前景的领域的发展趋势，为设计用于实际应用的纳米酶传感方法和装置提供一些指导。