Silicon (Si) is a “quasi-essential” element that helps plants to overcome various abiotic and biotic stresses. This review summarizes research which examined application of Si in turfgrass management and its impact on plant health. Research on inclusion of Si in turfgrass has largely centered upon three areas: plant disease suppression, improvement in wear tolerance, and reductions in drought and salinity stress. Of these, the ability of Si to reduce turf diseases has received the most attention, with applications of Si often reducing various diseases, including gray leaf spot, dollar spot, and brown patch, in creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, perennial ryegrass, and St. Augustinegrass. One potential constraint to its effectiveness is that Si application rates for disease reduction are often quite high (e.g., rates as high as 400 to 2,000 kg Si ha^–1). Responses were also variable with turfgrass species, soil type, and soil Si content, and the measured response was often not great enough to produce turf of desirable quality without additional use of fungicides. More research is needed in the area of Si and turf wear, as the use of Si to “harden” turfgrass and improve wear and ball roll is widely marketed in turfgrass maintenance. Further research is also needed to identify best soil extractants for measuring soluble Si and to calibrate this extractable Si for the determination of critical levels of soil Si across soil types and turfgrass species.

中文翻译：

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草坪草中的硅：综述

硅 (Si) 是一种“准必需”元素，可帮助植物克服各种非生物和生物胁迫。本综述总结了研究硅在草坪管理中的应用及其对植物健康影响的研究。在草坪草中添加硅的研究主要集中在三个领域：抑制植物病害、提高耐磨损性以及减少干旱和盐分胁迫。其中，Si减少草坪病害的能力最受关注，Si在匍匐翦股颖、百慕大、多年生黑麦草和圣约翰草中的应用经常减少各种病害，包括灰叶斑病、美元斑病和褐斑病。奥古斯丁草。其有效性的一个潜在限制是，用于减少疾病的硅应用率通常相当高（例如，高达 400 至 2,000 公斤硅公顷的比率）^–1 )。响应也随草坪草种类、土壤类型和土壤硅含量而变化，并且测量的响应通常不足以在不额外使用杀真菌剂的情况下生产出理想质量的草坪。在硅和草坪磨损领域需要更多的研究，因为使用硅来“硬化”草坪并改善磨损和球辊在草坪维护中被广泛销售。还需要进一步研究以确定用于测量可溶性 Si 的最佳土壤提取剂，并校准该可提取 Si 以测定土壤类型和草坪草种类中土壤 Si 的临界水平。