Human gut is in permanent contact with microorganisms that play an important role in many physiological processes including metabolism and immunologic activity. These microorganisms communicate and manage themself by the quorum sensing system (QS) that helps to coordinate optimal growth and subsistence by activating signaling pathways that regulate bacterial gene expression. Diverse QS molecules produced by pathogenic as well as resident microbiota have been found throughout the human gut. However, even a host can by affected by these molecules. Intestinal and immune cells possess a range of molecular targets for QS. Our present knowledge on bacteria-cell communication encompasses G-protein-coupled receptors, nuclear receptors and receptors for bacterial cell-wall components. The QS of commensal bacteria has been approved as a protective factor with favourable effects on intestinal homeostasis and immunity. Signaling molecules of QS interacting with above-mentioned receptors thus parcipitate on maintaining of barrier functions, control of inflammation processes and increase of resistance to pathogen colonization in host organisms. Pathogens QS molecules can have a dual function. Host cells are able to detect the ongoing infection by monitoring the presence and changes in concentrations of QS molecules. Such information can help to set the most effective immune defence to prevent or overcome the infection. Contrary, pathogens QS signals can target the host receptors to deceive the immune system to get the best conditions for growth. However, our knowledge about communication mediated by QS is still limited and detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms of QS signaling is desired.

人体肠道与微生物保持永久接触，微生物在许多生理过程中发挥重要作用，包括代谢和免疫活动。这些微生物通过群体感应系统 (QS) 进行交流和自我管理，该系统通过激活调节细菌基因表达的信号通路来帮助协调最佳生长和生存。在整个人类肠道中都发现了由致病菌和常驻微生物群产生的不同 QS 分子。然而，即使是宿主也会受到这些分子的影响。肠道和免疫细胞拥有一系列 QS 分子靶点。我们目前对细菌细胞通讯的了解包括 G 蛋白偶联受体、核受体和细菌细胞壁成分的受体。共生菌的 QS 已被批准作为一种保护因子，对肠道稳态和免疫有良好的影响。QS 的信号分子与上述受体相互作用，因此参与维持屏障功能、控制炎症过程和增加宿主生物体对病原体定植的抵抗力。病原体QS分子可以具有双重功能。宿主细胞能够通过监测 QS 分子浓度的存在和变化来检测正在进行的感染。这些信息可以帮助设置最有效的免疫防御来预防或克服感染。相反，病原体 QS 信号可以靶向宿主受体来欺骗免疫系统以获得最佳生长条件。然而，