Despite growing literature on various aspects of robot perception by humans, little is still known about how robots' anthropomorphism is perceived at various degrees of conscious perception. In the current study, in two experiments, we assessed whether explicit and implicit attributions of primary and secondary emotions towards robots predict participants' perception of robots' anthropomorphism. In Experiment 1, participants explicitly evaluated whether robots were likely to experience different primary and secondary emotions, followed by the assessment of the level of attributed anthropomorphism towards robots. In Experiment 2, participants completed an adapted version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which aimed at implicit evaluation of participants' attribution of different primary and secondary emotions to robots, followed by the assessment of the level of attributed robot anthropomorphism. At the explicit level, attribution of secondary emotions to robots was linked to higher perception of robots' warmth and competence. At the implicit level, participants’ perception of conceptual similarity between robots and humans (i.e. lower difference between attribution of primary and secondary emotions to humans and robots), predicted more anthropomorphic warmth perception and less discomfort towards robots. The current results reveal that implicit and explicit attribution of primary/secondary emotions towards robots predict specific aspects of robot anthropomorphism, with the warmth dimension consistently being predicted across both levels of evaluation. These results shed light on a novel approach to predict various aspects of robot anthropomorphism, which in the future might be useful for evaluations of social robots for their suitability in human-robot interactions.

尽管关于人类对机器人感知的各个方面的文献越来越多，但关于如何在不同程度的有意识感知下感知机器人的拟人化仍知之甚少。在目前的研究中，在两个实验中，我们评估了主要和次要情绪对机器人的显性和隐性归因是否能预测参与者对机器人拟人化的感知。在实验 1 中，参与者明确评估机器人是否可能体验不同的初级和次级情绪，然后评估对机器人的拟人化程度。在实验 2 中，参与者完成了一个改编版的内隐联想测试（IAT），旨在内隐评估参与者对机器人的不同主要和次要情绪的归因，其次是对归因机器人拟人化水平的评估。在外显层面上，将次要情绪归因于机器人与对机器人温暖和能力的更高感知有关。在隐含层面，参与者对机器人和人类之间概念相似性的感知（即初级和次级情感对人类和机器人的归因差异较小），预测更多拟人化的温暖感知和更少的对机器人的不适感。目前的结果表明，对机器人的主要/次要情绪的隐性和显性归因预测了机器人拟人化的特定方面，并且在两个评估级别上一致地预测了温暖维度。这些结果揭示了一种预测机器人拟人化各个方面的新方法，