Skeletal muscle is a tissue able to fully regenerate after an acute injury. Macrophages play an essential role during skeletal muscle regeneration. Resolution of inflammation is a crucial step during the regeneration process, allowing to contain the inflammatory response to avoid damage of the healthy surrounding muscle and triggers the recovery phase during which the muscle regenerates. Resolution of inflammation is mainly mediated by macrophage phenotypic shift that is the transition from a pro-inflammatory damage associated profile towards an anti-inflammatory restorative phenotype, which is characterized by a major transcriptional rewiring. Failure of the resolution of inflammation is observed in chronic diseases such as degenerative myopathies where permanent asynchronous muscle injuries trigger contradictory inflammatory cues, leading to fibrosis and alteration of muscle function. This review will focus on the described molecular pathways that control macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. First, we will highlight the transcriptional changes that characterize macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. Then, we will describe how the signaling pathways and the metabolic changes associated with this shift are controlled. Finally, we will emphasize the transcription factors involved.

骨骼肌是一种在急性损伤后能够完全再生的组织。巨噬细胞在骨骼肌再生过程中起着至关重要的作用。炎症的消退是再生过程中的关键步骤，它可以控制炎症反应以避免对周围健康肌肉的损害，并触发肌肉再生的恢复阶段。炎症的消退主要由巨噬细胞表型转变介导，巨噬细胞表型转变是从促炎损伤相关谱向抗炎恢复表型的转变，其特征在于主要的转录重新布线。在退行性肌病等慢性疾病中观察到炎症消退失败，其中永久性非同步性肌肉损伤引发相互矛盾的炎症线索，导致纤维化和肌肉功能的改变。本综述将重点关注在骨骼肌再生过程中控制巨噬细胞炎症转变的所描述的分子途径。首先，我们将强调骨骼肌再生过程中巨噬细胞炎症转变的转录变化。然后，我们将描述如何控制与这种转变相关的信号通路和代谢变化。最后，我们将强调所涉及的转录因子。我们将描述如何控制与这种转变相关的信号通路和代谢变化。最后，我们将强调所涉及的转录因子。我们将描述如何控制与这种转变相关的信号通路和代谢变化。最后，我们将强调所涉及的转录因子。