The aim of this study is to investigate the level of contamination with metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb) in the Nile River at the great Cairo region. Samples of water and fish were collected seasonally from different sites along the investigated area. Physical and chemical parameters of the studied water samples such as temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD, and COD were measured. In aquatic ecosystems, heavy metal concentrations are monitored by detecting some indices like water pollution indices (WPI) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The results clarified that Fe, Pb, and Mn concentrations in water exceed the allowed limits set by WHO, 2011 in all sites while Cu and Zn are in allowed limits. While in fish muscle Fe and Cu are within the permissible limits set by FAO, 1992, but Mn, Zn and Pb exceed the limits. Some of the metals like Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn are essential for animals and plants while many other like Pb, Cd, Cr and Co are classed as nonessential metals. All values of HI were below 1 except for Pb in case of habitual fish eaters that give alarm to fish consumer.

本研究的目的是调查大开罗地区尼罗河中金属（Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 和 Pb）的污染水平。季节性地从调查区域的不同地点收集水和鱼的样本。测量了所研究水样的物理和化学参数，如温度、透明度、电导率、pH、BOD 和 COD。在水生生态系统中，通过检测水污染指数（WPI）和生物蓄积因子（BAF）等指标来监测重金属浓度。结果表明，水中的 Fe、Pb 和 Mn 浓度在所有地点都超过了 WHO，2011 年设定的允许限值，而 Cu 和 Zn 则在允许限值内。虽然鱼肌肉中的 Fe 和 Cu 在 FAO, 1992 规定的允许限度内，但 Mn、Zn 和 Pb 超过了限度。一些金属如铜、铁、锰、镍和锌对动植物来说是必不可少的，而许多其他金属如铅、镉、铬和钴被归类为非必需金属。HI 的所有值都低于 1，除了 Pb 的情况下，习惯性食鱼者会向鱼类消费者发出警报。