Background

Microsporidiosis as a zoonotic disease has caused serious health problems in high-risk groups, including immunosuppressed individuals. Among the potential animal reservoirs of microsporidia, rodents play a key role due to close-contact with humans and their dispersion in different environments. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the global status and genetic diversity of microsporidia infection in different rodents.

Methods

The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 to 15 April 2021. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing the molecular prevalence of microsporidia infection in rodents were included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model. The variance between studies (heterogeneity) were quantified by I² index.

Results

Of 1695 retrieved studies, 22 articles (including 34 datasets) were included for final meta-analysis. The pooled global molecular prevalence (95% CI) of microsporidia infection in rodents was 14.2% (95% CI 10.9–18.3%). The highest prevalence of microsporidia was found in Apodemus spp. 27.3% (95% CI 15–44.5%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the most common pathogen (26/34; 76.47% studies) according to PCR-based methods, and the genotype D as the highest reported genotype (15 studies).

Conclusions

The findings of the study showed a relatively high prevalence of microsporidia infection in rodents as a potential animal reservoir for infecting human. Given the relatively high incidence of microsporidiosis, designing strategies for control, and prevention of microsporidia infection in rodents should be recommended.

中文翻译：

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对啮齿动物中微孢子虫感染的全球分子流行病学的系统评价和荟萃分析：对公共卫生的严重威胁

背景

微孢子虫病作为一种人畜共患病，在包括免疫抑制个体在内的高危人群中造成了严重的健康问题。在微孢子虫的潜在动物宿主中，啮齿动物由于与人类的密切接触以及它们在不同环境中的分散而发挥着关键作用。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估不同啮齿动物中微孢子虫感染的全球状况和遗传多样性。

方法

遵循系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南首选报告项目的标准协议。在 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 4 月 15 日期间对 Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 进行了搜索。所有描述啮齿动物微孢子虫感染分子流行率的同行评审原始研究文章都被纳入。应用了纳入和排除标准。使用随机效应模型计算点估计值和 95% 置信区间。研究之间的差异（异质性）由I ²指数量化。

结果

在检索到的 1695 篇研究中，有 22 篇文章（包括 34 个数据集）被纳入最终的荟萃分析。啮齿动物中微孢子虫感染的汇总全球分子流行率 (95% CI) 为 14.2% (95% CI 10.9–18.3%)。在Apodemus spp中发现了微孢子虫的最高流行率。27.3% (95% CI 15–44.5%)。根据基于 PCR 的方法， Enterocytozoon bieneusi是最常见的病原体（26/34；76.47% 的研究），基因型 D 是报道最多的基因型（15 项研究）。

结论

研究结果表明，啮齿动物中微孢子虫感染的患病率相对较高，是感染人类的​​潜在动物宿主。鉴于微孢子虫病的发病率相对较高，应推荐设计控制和预防啮齿动物微孢子虫感染的策略。