Reviewed by:

• Performance Constellations: Networks of Protest and Activism in Latin America by Marcela A. Fuentes
• Gad Guterman

Performance Constellations: Networks of Protest and Activism in Latin America is a book for our times. Marcela Fuentes’s excellent study of how digital activism and street protest engage and transform each other expands our notions of performance and efficacy. The book also speaks formidably, if unintentionally, to a post-pandemic moment. Fuentes’s interest in the tactics used by internet users to “reproduce the affective appeal of street protests to actively engage audiences” (53) reverberates in vital ways only months after the book’s publication. As theatre and performance artists have adapted to hybrid styles that blur the line between the digital and the live, Performance Constellations offers a theoretical lens to push beyond traditional notions of liveness into the nowness and eventness that underlie Fuentes’s arguments.

Quite elegantly, Fuentes builds on the work of Steve Dixon, Diana Taylor, Philip Auslander, Judith Butler, and other key performance theorists interested in the complex limits of performance. Fuentes brings them into conversation with scholars in new media studies and digital activism. This allows for an expansive and productive understanding of performance, as both a tool for activism and an ever-changing network of practices. Her notion of “performance constellations” provides a theoretical model for approaching “tactics of disruption and worldmaking” that result from the interface between street protests and digital networking (3). The “entanglement” makes body-based and digital performances “cocreators of insurgent collective actions” (2). These actions must be understood not as finite events constrained by time and space, but rather as “dispersed, multisited, and asynchronous forms of collective action” (108). Working with Michel de Certeau’s notion of “tactics,” Fuentes notes how the interaction between embodied and digital protests generates strength and “counterpower protocols to navigate the challenges brought about by technologies of pervasive surveillance, control, and manipulation” (114).

Fuentes presents five compelling case studies in chronological arrangement. They illustrate how changing technologies enrich the possibilities of performance constellations, and the various ways in which constellations may operate. After building her theoretical framework in the introduction, Fuentes devotes her first chapter to the electronic civil disobedience of the US-based Electronic Disturbance Theater (EDT). Fuentes explores how EDT’s virtual sit-ins and conceptual HTML performances in the late 1990s supported and built on the Zapatista movement in Mexico. The Zapatista “investment in autonomous, bottom-up consensus-based structures of governance” found new shape and was amplified by EDT’s efforts (26). EDT exemplifies an early experiment in transforming disjointed participation in a common cause into a felt convergence through digital participation.

In her second chapter, Fuentes considers “stream-out performance constellations” through which local resistance becomes global resistance (44). Her focus here is on Argentina in the early 2000s. Against the backdrop of economic collapse, Fuentes traces how online movements such as the digital cacerolazo, which operated synergistically with on-the-ground activism, united otherwise distant protests to defy the increasingly disembodied mechanisms of neoliberalism. Chapter 3 brings readers to Chile in 2011 and introduces two student protests that heavily depended on and were forged from social media mobilization. The projects comprised both street and digital components, inseparable in content and form. These “performance constellations of asynchronic cooperation” demonstrate that social media technologies are more than tools (67). Fuentes concludes that the multiplatform performances actively “challenged neoliberal logics of individual progress and generated conditions for alternative civic engagement” (21). [End Page 273]

Fuentes returns to Mexico in her fourth chapter to consider the power of hashtags and what she deems “pulsating performance constellations” (91). Focusing on the deadly detention and abduction of students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College, the chapter explores how digital activists counteracted a repressive government narrative and successfully linked the tragic incident to a broader network of violence. Fuentes shows how the technical, symbolic, and ultimately performative nature of hashtags generate “worldmaking effects” (105). A short coda describes the 2018 proabortion protests in Argentina. Fuentes explains how...

审核人：

• 表演星座：拉丁美洲的抗议和激进主义网络作者： Marcela A. Fuentes
• 盖德·古特曼

绩效星座：拉丁美洲的抗议和激进主义网络是一本适合我们这个时代的书。Marcela Fuentes 对数字激进主义和街头抗议如何相互影响和相互转化的出色研究扩展了我们对绩效和功效的概念。这本书还讲述了大流行后的时刻，如果是无意的话。Fuentes 对互联网用户使用的策略的兴趣“再现街头抗议的情感吸引力以积极吸引观众”（53）在这本书出版几个月后就以重要的方式产生了反响。由于剧院和表演艺术家已经适应了模糊数字和现场之间界限的混合风格，Performance Constellations提供了一个理论视角，将传统的活跃概念推到了富恩特斯论点背后的当下和事件中。

相当优雅，富恩特斯建立在史蒂夫·迪克森、戴安娜·泰勒、菲利普·奥斯兰德、朱迪思·巴特勒和其他对表演的复杂极限感兴趣的关键表演理论家的工作基础上。Fuentes 将他们带入与新媒体研究和数字激进主义学者的对话中。这允许对绩效进行广泛而富有成效的理解，既是激进主义的工具，也是不断变化的实践网络。她的“表演星座”概念提供了一个理论模型，用于处理由街头抗议和数字网络之间的接口产生的“破坏和世界创造策略”(3)。“纠缠”使基于身体和数字的表演成为“叛乱集体行动的共同创造者”（2）。这些动作不能被理解为受时间和空间限制的有限事件，而是作为“分散、多地点和异步形式的集体行动”（108）。Fuentes 与 Michel de Certeau 的“策略”概念合作，指出具身抗议和数字抗议之间的互动如何产生力量和“应对无处不在的监视、控制和操纵技术带来的挑战的反力量协议”（114）。

富恩特斯按时间顺序介绍了五个引人注目的案例研究。它们说明了不断变化的技术如何丰富性能星座的可能性，以及星座运行的各种方式。在介绍中建立她的理论框架后，富恩特斯将她的第一章致力于美国电子扰动剧院 (EDT) 的电子公民不服从。Fuentes 探讨了 1990 年代后期 EDT 的虚拟静坐和概念性 HTML 表演如何支持和建立在墨西哥的 Zapatista 运动之上。Zapatista“对自主的、自下而上的基于共识的治理结构的投资”找到了新的形态，并被 EDT 的努力放大了 (26)。

在她的第二章中，Fuentes 考虑了“流出绩效星座”，通过这些星座，局部阻力变成了全球阻力 (44)。她在这里的重点是 2000 年代初期的阿根廷。在经济崩溃的背景下，富恩特斯追溯了诸如数字cacerolazo 之类的在线运动如何与实地行动主义协同运作，联合了原本遥远的抗议活动，以对抗日益脱离实体的新自由主义机制。第 3 章将读者带到了 2011 年的智利，并介绍了两次严重依赖社交媒体动员并由此引发的学生抗议活动。这些项目包括街道和数字组件，在内容和形式上密不可分。这些“异步合作的表现星座”表明社交媒体技术不仅仅是工具（67）。Fuentes 总结道，多平台表演积极地“挑战了个人进步的新自由主义逻辑，并为替代性公民参与创造了条件”（21）。[第273页结束]

富恩特斯在她的第四章中回到墨西哥，考虑标签的力量以及她认为的“脉动表现星座”（91）。本章重点关注 Ayotzinapa 农村师范学院学生的致命拘留和绑架事件，探讨了数字活动家如何抵制政府的镇压言论，并成功地将悲剧事件与更广泛的暴力网络联系起来。Fuentes 展示了主题标签的技术性、象征性和最终表现性如何产生“世界创造效应”（105）。简短的结尾描述了 2018 年阿根廷的堕胎抗议活动。富恩特斯解释了如何...