Research on in-work poverty has focused on the probability of being employed while living in an impoverished household, but no studies have investigated pathways of labor market attachment and economic vulnerability following in-work poverty. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to establish a typology of employment pathways out of in-work poverty and to estimate differences by gender and race. By using the Sequence Analysis Multistate Model procedure, we identify five distinct pathways characterized by varying degrees of labor market attachment, economic vulnerability, and volatility. White men are most likely exit in-work poverty into stable employment outside of poverty, while Black men and women often experience recurrent spells of in-work poverty. Gender and race differences persist even after controlling for labor market and family demographic characteristics. Our results indicate that work-related anti-poverty strategies must be coupled with adequately high wages and employment protection legislation to effectively raise working households out of poverty.

对工作贫困的研究主要集中在生活在贫困家庭中的就业概率，但没有研究调查工作贫困后劳动力市场依恋和经济脆弱性的途径。我们使用收入动态小组研究 (PSID) 来建立摆脱工作贫困的就业途径类型，并估计性别和种族的差异。通过使用序列分析多态模型程序，我们确定了以劳动力市场依附程度、经济脆弱性和波动性为特征的五种不同路径。白人男性最有可能摆脱工作贫困，进入贫困之外的稳定就业，而黑人男性和女性经常经历反复的工作贫困。即使在控制了劳动力市场和家庭人口特征之后，性别和种族差异仍然存在。我们的研究结果表明，与工作相关的反贫困战略必须与足够高的工资和就业保护立法相结合，才能有效地使工作家庭摆脱贫困。