The transgressive dunefield of the Lagoa de Peixe Natural Park was modified drastically due to intensive pine plantation and the leeward development of the associated degraded areas. The present study analyzed the disturbances in the dunefield of the Lagoa do Peixe Natural Park due to pine tree plantation and the impact of the subsequent deforestation program conducted in the region. Aerial photographs, satellite images, and DGPS topographic data collected over a 70-year-long period were retrieved, analyzed, and compared, which allowed the observation of the geomorphological evolution of the dunefield. In addition, a profile of GPR on the inlet (during a period with the channel closed) was analyzed. In 1948, the surface of the sand barrier was occupied by high transverse dunes and low barchan dunes. Pine tree plantation on the inner side fixed the transgressive dunes and, consequently, avoided the filling of the shallow lagoon, although degraded areas were generated on the lee side of the pines. Simultaneous pine plantations in the backshore avoided the aeolian sediment input to the dunefield, generating a large interdune area along with the development of a few parabolic dunes, which resulted in cannibalization of the transgressive dunes. In 2001, pine trees occupied 15.03% of the total area analyzed in the present study, while the degraded area accounted for 10.81% of the total area. Progressive deforestation was performed (ring bound technique for tree gradual death), maintaining three lines of pines in contact with the dunes, to promote autochthonous vegetation growth, thereby preventing the filling of the adjacent lagoon with aeolian sediments. By the year 2018, the pine tree plantation area reduced to 3.25%, the dunefield area was 79.03%, and the extension of the degraded areas had increased and reached 17.71% of the total area. The pine tree plantation and the deforestation for conservation purposes are the main factors explaining the degradation of the dunefield during the period between 1948 and 2018, while regional climatic oscillations contributed as the secondary factor. Although internationally controversial, the present case study demonstrates that the removal of this exotic vegetation, through dune vegetation recovery programs, is often unsuccessful and may generate more degraded areas. However, in the case presented here, it was essential to remove the forest to ensure the dune field geodynamics and, therefore, the base (biotope) of the natural system (maintenance of the lagoon and the dunefield).

由于密集的松树种植和相关退化地区的背风发展，Lagoa de Peixe 自然公园的海侵沙丘发生了巨大变化。本研究分析了松树种植对 Lagoa do Peixe 自然公园沙丘的干扰以及随后在该地区进行的森林砍伐计划的影响。对 70 年来收集的航拍照片、卫星图像和 DGPS 地形数据进行检索、分析和比较，从而可以观察沙丘地貌的演变。此外，还分析了入口上的 GPR 剖面（在通道关闭期间）。1948年，沙障表面被高横向沙丘和低新月形沙丘占据。内侧的松树种植园固定了海侵沙丘，因此避免了浅泻湖的填充，尽管在松树的背风侧产生了退化区域。后岸的同步松林避免了风积沉积物输入沙丘，产生了大的沙丘间区域，同时发展了一些抛物线沙丘，导致海侵沙丘的自相残杀。2001年，松树占本研究分析总面积的15.03%，而退化面积占总面积的10.81%。进行了渐进式森林砍伐（树木逐渐死亡的环形技术），保持三行松树与沙丘接触，以促进本土植被生长，从而防止附近的泻湖被风成沉积物填满。到2018年，松树人工林面积减少到3.25%，沙丘面积为79.03%，退化面积扩大，达到总面积的17.71%。1948 年至 2018 年期间，松树人工林和出于保护目的的森林砍伐是解释沙丘退化的主要因素，而区域气候振荡则是次要因素。尽管在国际上存在争议，但本案例研究表明，通过沙丘植被恢复计划清除这种外来植被通常是不成功的，并且可能会产生更多的退化区域。然而，在此处介绍的情况下，必须移除森林以确保沙丘场的地球动力学，并且，