Many households in Mongolia are facing increased livelihood and financial insecurity due to rapid social, economic, political, and climate changes. There is concern regarding the effects of a loss in livelihoods and shifting gender roles on family dynamics in these households. This historical cross-sectional study explores patterns of father presence and father engagement with children under five in Mongolia between 2000–2013 using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data. Trend analyses were performed to explore changes in father presence and engagement from the four most recent datasets. Patterns were explored for demographic subgroups such as region of residence, urban/rural residence, child’s sex, and whether the household owned livestock. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed to adjust for potential confounding variables and covariates. The national point-prevalence of father presence fluctuated from 78–83% while father engagement fluctuated between 40–49% across the survey time-points. These fluctuations were only significant for father presence. Significant changes in father presence and engagement were evident in the Khangai, Central, and Ulaanbaatar regions, while in the Western region only significant changes for father engagement were found. Logistic regression showed a change in point-prevalence of father engagement between 2005 and 2010 and between 2005 and 2013, and changes in father presence and engagement over time remained significant after controlling for other covariates such as SES. The changes in father presence and engagement in many households may be due to the economic insecurities brought about by rapid macro-environmental changes.

由于快速的社会、经济、政治和气候变化，蒙古的许多家庭正面临着日益严重的生计和财务不安全感。人们担心生计丧失和性别角色转变对这些家庭的家庭动态的影响。这项历史性横断面研究使用多指标聚类调查 (MICS) 数据，探讨了 2000 年至 2013 年间蒙古五岁以下儿童的父亲在场和父亲参与模式。进行了趋势分析，以探索来自四个最新数据集的父亲存在和参与的变化。研究了人口亚组的模式，例如居住地区、城市/农村居住地、孩子的性别以及家庭是否拥有牲畜。还进行了多变量逻辑回归以调整潜在的混杂变量和协变量。在整个调查时间点，父亲参与的全国点流行率在 78-83% 之间波动，而父亲参与度在 40-49% 之间波动。这些波动仅对父亲的存在才有意义。康盖地区、中部地区和乌兰巴托地区的父亲存在感和参与度发生了显着变化，而在西部地区，仅发现父亲参与度的显着变化。Logistic 回归显示，在 2005 年至 2010 年和 2005 年至 2013 年之间，父亲参与的点流行率发生了变化，并且在控制了其他协变量（如 SES）后，父亲的存在和参与随时间的变化仍然显着。