The US Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration initiated the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) in 2016 to prepare mission-relevant applications and scientific software for the delivery of the exascale computers starting in 2023. The ECP currently supports 24 efforts directed at specific applications and six supporting co-design projects. These 24 application projects contain 62 application codes that are implemented in three high-level languages—C, C++, and Fortran—and use 22 combinations of graphical processing unit programming models. The most common implementation language is C++, which is used in 53 different application codes. The most common programming models across ECP applications are CUDA and Kokkos, which are employed in 15 and 14 applications, respectively. This article provides a survey of the programming languages and models used in the ECP applications codebase that will be used to achieve performance on the future exascale hardware platforms.

美国能源部科学办公室和国家核安全管理局于 2016 年启动了百亿亿级计算项目 (ECP)，为从 2023 年开始交付百亿亿级计算机准备任务相关的应用程序和科学软件。 ECP 目前支持 24 项工作针对特定应用程序和六个支持的协同设计项目。这 24 个应用程序项目包含 62 个应用程序代码，它们以三种高级语言（C、C ++和 Fortran）实现，并使用了 22 种图形处理单元编程模型的组合。最常见的实现语言是C ++，用于 53 种不同的应用程序代码。ECP 应用程序中最常见的编程模型是 CUDA 和 Kokkos，它们分别用于 15 和 14 个应用程序。本文概述了 ECP 应用程序代码库中使用的编程语言和模型，这些语言和模型将用于在未来的百亿亿级硬件平台上实现性能。