Abstract

The prokaryotic and fungal biomass was estimated by luminescent microscopy; the number of ribosomal gene copies of microorganisms was determined by the real-time PCR method, and the taxonomic diversity of culturable micromycetes in Albic Podzols was studied along the pollution gradient (1.5, 8, 15, and 50 km) from the Kandalaksha aluminum smelter, Kola Peninsula. In the soils of all sites, the largest number of ribosomal gene copies was found for bacteria (4.2 × 10¹⁰…10.3 × 10¹⁰ gene copies/g soil). For fungi and archaea, this number varied between 0.4 × 10¹⁰…3.1 × 10¹⁰ gene copies/g soil. There was a significant increase in the actinomycete biomass near the smelter, while the biomass of bacteria and fungi did not change at different distances from the source of emissions. Mycelium and spores of fungi were represented mostly by small forms with a diameter of 2–3 µm. In a heavily polluted area (8 km from the smelter), the proportion of spores was more than a half of the total fungal biomass, and the number of large spores was maximum (33.6%). The length of the fungal mycelium varied from 92.27 to 206.26 m/g, while there were no regularities in its distribution along the pollution gradient. There was a decrease in the diversity of soil micromycetes at the level of genera and higher taxa along the pollution gradient. The change in community structure from polydominant (background area) to monodominant (near the smelter) was found. Penicillium spinulosum dominated in all contaminated sites within the 15-km zone. In the background area, in addition to the above species, Trichoderma koningii, P. implicatum, and a group of fungi with sterile mycelium were among the dominants.

中文翻译：

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坎达拉克沙炼铝厂影响区土壤微生物群落的定性和定量特征

摘要

通过发光显微镜估计原核生物和真菌生物量；采用实时荧光定量 PCR 法测定微生物核糖体基因拷贝数，研究了坎达拉克沙铝冶炼厂沿污染梯度（1.5、8、15 和 50 公里）的白化灰化土中可培养微菌的分类多样性, 科拉半岛。在所有地点的土壤中，细菌的核糖体基因拷贝数最多（4.2 × 10 ¹⁰ …10.3 × 10 ¹⁰基因拷贝/g 土壤）。对于真菌和古细菌，这个数字在 0.4 × 10 ¹⁰ …3.1 × 10 ^{10 之间变化}基因拷贝数/g 土壤。冶炼厂附近放线菌生物量显着增加，而细菌和真菌生物量在距排放源不同距离没有变化。真菌的菌丝体和孢子主要以直径为 2-3 µm 的小形式为代表。在重污染区（距冶炼厂8公里），孢子所占比例超过真菌总生物量的一半以上，大孢子数量最多（33.6%）。真菌菌丝体长度从92.27到206.26 m/g不等，但其沿污染梯度分布没有规律。沿污染梯度，属和高等分类群水平的土壤微菌多样性下降。Penicillium spinulosum在 15 公里区域内的所有污染场地中占主导地位。在背景区，除了上述物种外，还有科宁木霉、牵连木霉和一组菌丝体不育的真菌。