We use state-of-the art estimation approaches to obtain mode-specific values of travel time savings (VTTS) based on pooled RP/SP travel choice data of Zurich workers. Unlike the large majority of time valuation studies, we also have data on the respondents’ time-use and expenditure allocation, which enables us to estimate their value of leisure (VoL),i.e. the opportunity value of liberated time when the duration of a committed activity, such as travel, is reduced. We use the estimates of the VoL and the VTTS to derive the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT) – the monetary value of the direct (dis-)utility derived from the conditions experienced while traveling. Linking the VTTS and VoL at the individual-level allows for a detailed analysis of VTAT distributions. We obtain median VTTS for car and motorbike (MIV) of 30.6 CHF/h, carpooling (CP) of 27.7 CHF/h, carsharing (CS) of 26.7 CHF/h, walk of 26.7 CHF/h, bike of 18.2 CHF/h and public transportation (PT) of 14.8 CHF/h. The median VoL amounts to 25.2 CHF/h. We find that MIV, CS and CP perform worst in terms of VTAT (as indicated by values smaller than zero), showing that the perceived travel comfort all in car modes (private, shared and pooled) is substantially lower than for PT and bike, where the VTAT are greater than zero. From a transportation policy perspective, our results suggest that travel comfort matters greatly and investing in the quality of travel should therefore obtain more attention. However, from a PT operator’s point of view, our results indicate that in the case of Zurich, investing in faster connections may exhibit a higher marginal impact on user benefits, since the VoL is relatively high, while travel comfort is perceived as high already.

我们使用最先进的估计方法，根据苏黎世工人的汇总 RP/SP 旅行选择数据，获得特定于模式的旅行时间节省 (VTTS) 值。与大多数时间评估研究不同，我们还有受访者时间使用和支出分配的数据，这使我们能够估计他们的休闲价值 (VoL)，即当承诺的持续时间被释放时的机会价值旅行等活动减少。我们使用 VoL 和 VTTS 的估计值来推导出分配给旅行的时间 (VTAT) 的价值——从旅行中经历的条件得出的直接（非）效用的货币价值。在个人层面连接 VTTS 和 VoL 可以对 VTAT 分布进行详细分析。我们获得了 30.6 CHF/h 的汽车和摩托车 (MIV) VTTS 中值，拼车 (CP) 为 27.7 CHF/h，拼车 (CS) 为 26.7 CHF/h，步行为 26.7 CHF/h，自行车为 18.2 CHF/h，公共交通 (PT) 为 14.8 CHF/h。中值 VoL 为 25.2 CHF/h。我们发现 MIV、CS 和 CP 在 VTAT 方面表现最差（由小于零的值表示），表明所有汽车模式（私人、共享和共用）下的感知旅行舒适度大大低于 PT 和自行车，其中 VTAT 大于零。从交通政策的角度来看，我们的结果表明旅行舒适度非常重要，因此应该更多地关注对旅行质量的投资。然而，从 PT 运营商的角度来看，我们的结果表明，在苏黎世的情况下，投资于更快的连接可能会对用户利益产生更高的边际影响，因为 VoL 相对较高，